Human Reproduction

• Female gamete: produced by female body in the Graafian follicle.
• Controlled by hormones oestrogen and progesterone.
• Larger than sperm
• Male gamete: produced by male body in the testes.
• Controlled by testosterone

Follicle stimulating hormone

Pituitary gland

Days 1-5 of menstrual cycle

• Stimulates egg production within Graafian follicle
• Used in fertility treatment
• Graafian follicle secretes oestrogen.

Graafian follicle

Days 5-14 of menstrual cycle

• Development of endometrium
• Inhibits FSH so no new eggs develop (negative feedback)
• Stimulates the release of LH

Luteinising hormone

Pituitary gland

Day 14 of menstrual cycle.

• Cause ovulation
• Causes Graafian follicle to develop into the corpus luteum.
• The corpus luteum makes progesterone.

Corpus luteum

Days 14-28 of menstrual cycle

• Maintains endometrium
• Inhibits FSH so no new eggs develop
• Inhibits LH so no new ovulations occur.
• (At birth) prevents contractions of the uterus.

The inability to conceive either by fertilisation failure or implantation failure.

• Egg cell formation or ovulation may not occur due to a hormone imbalance.
• The egg cell may not be able to pass to the uterus due to blockage of Fallopian tubes.
• Treatment with hormones may be successful. In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and implantation is often used to treat female infertility.

• In-vitro fertilisation and implantation
• Treatment with hormones

Characteristics that develop before birth, the sex organs.

Characteristics that differentiate males from female other than sex organs that occur during puberty.

The fusion of specialised haploid sex cells (gametes, egg n sperm) to form a diploid zygote.

When the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus for it to develop.

Endometriosis: a condition where fragments of the uterus lining move to other parts of the pelvic cavity and stick to the outside of other various organs- ovaries, bladder, uterus, vagina.

• A condition where fragments of the uterus lining move to other parts of the pelvic cavity and stick to the outside of other various organs- ovaries, bladder, uterus, vagina.
• They continue to respond to the menstrual cycle hormones and bleed each month.
• The blood cannot escape and causes painful cysts to grow on the pelvic organs