Female gamete: produced by female body in the Graafian follicle.
Controlled by hormones oestrogen and progesterone.
Larger than sperm
Male gamete: produced by male body in the testes.
Controlled by testosterone
What dies FSH stand for?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Where is FSH produced?
Pituitary gland
When is FSH produced?
Days 1-5 of menstrual cycle
What are functions of FSH?
Stimulates egg production within Graafian follicle
Used in fertility treatment
Graafian follicle secretes oestrogen.
Where is oestrogen produced?
Graafian follicle
When is oestrogen produced?
Days 5-14 of menstrual cycle
What are the functions of oestrogen?
Development of endometrium
Inhibits FSH so no new eggs develop (negative feedback)
Stimulates the release of LH
What does LH stand for?
Luteinising hormone
Where is LH produced?
Pituitary gland
When is LH produced?
Day 14 of menstrual cycle.
Functions of LH?
Cause ovulation
Causes Graafian follicle to develop into the corpus luteum.
The corpus luteum makes progesterone.
Where is progesterone produced?
Corpus luteum
When is progesterone produced?
Days 14-28 of menstrual cycle
Functions of progesterone?
Maintains endometrium
Inhibits FSH so no new eggs develop
Inhibits LH so no new ovulations occur.
(At birth) prevents contractions of the uterus.
What is female infertility (define)?
The inability to conceive either by fertilisation failure or implantation failure.
Explain how female infertility may occur? (3p)
Egg cell formation or ovulation may not occur due to a hormone imbalance.
The egg cell may not be able to pass to the uterus due to blockage of Fallopian tubes.
Treatment with hormones may be successful. In-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and implantation is often used to treat female infertility.
What may be used to treat female infertility?
In-vitro fertilisation and implantation
Treatment with hormones
Define primary sexual characteristics
Characteristics that develop before birth, the sex organs.
Define secondary sexual characteristics.
Characteristics that differentiate males from female other than sex organs that occur during puberty.
Define fertilisation
The fusion of specialised haploid sex cells (gametes, egg n sperm) to form a diploid zygote.
Define implantation
When the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus for it to develop.
What is endometriosis? Term
Endometriosis: a condition where fragments of the uterus lining move to other parts of the pelvic cavity and stick to the outside of other various organs- ovaries, bladder, uterus, vagina.
Explain endometriosis
A condition where fragments of the uterus lining move to other parts of the pelvic cavity and stick to the outside of other various organs- ovaries, bladder, uterus, vagina.
They continue to respond to the menstrual cycle hormones and bleed each month.
The blood cannot escape and causes painful cysts to grow on the pelvic organs