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The axon originates from the _________
Axon hillock
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The axon ends in the ______________
presynaptic terminal
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The NTs are released into the ___________
synaptic cleft
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What is the space between the neurons?
Synaptic cleft
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The nucleus of the Neuron:
- Contains genetic material
- Directs metabolic activity of cell
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Mitochondria of neuron
Converts nutrients into energy
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Endoplasmic Reticulum of neuron
- Rough (Nissl Sunbstance/body): synthesis and transports proteins
- Smooth: synthesizes and transports lipids
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Ribosomes of the neuron
- Protein synthesis
- On Rough: proteins for neurons
- On Smooth: NTs
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Golgi Apparatus of the neuron
Packages NT
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Anterograde:
- NT transport from soma to synapse
- Kinesin
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Retrograde
- NT transport from synapse to soma
- Dynein
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Purpose of neurons:
- Control: sensation, movement, autonomic function, mental processes
- Develop new interactions
- Modify output
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Neuron Functions
- Sensory information from peripheral receptors sent through spinal cord to brain where info is processed and response is generated
- Motor response sent though spinal cord to peripheral nerves to muscles
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How are neurons classified?
Based on the number of neurites
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Unipolar neurons
- Has only one process extending from the soma, branching into dendrites or axon terminals
- (Typical of invertebrate animals)
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Bipolar Neurons
- Two primary processes from cell body
- Axon
- Dendrite
- Example: Retinal cells
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Multipolar neurons
- Multiple dendrites and single axon
- Most common cell of vertebrate nervous system
- Receive huge amount of input
- Examples: Motor neuron (from spinal cord to skeletal muscle) and purkinje cells in cerebellum
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Pseudounipolar neurons
- Type of bipolar
- Appear to have single projection that divides into axonal roots
- 2 axons and no dendrites
- Example: Sensory neurons
- Peripheral axon: conducts from receptor to cell body
- Central: cell body to spinal cord
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Types of Glial cells
- Magroglia (Large glial cells): Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Scwann Cells
- Microglia (small glial cells)
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Glial Cells
- Support Cells: provide metabolic support, insulate, protect, reinforce, repair, and cleanup damaged areas
- Also transmit informations
- Involved in Alzheimer's and MS
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