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What is a pathogen?
Pathogen: an organism that causes disease.
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What are 2 types of defence systems?
General defence system and Specific
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What does the general defence system do?
Acts against all pathogens and not specific to any one pathogen. (First line)
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What does the specific defence system do?
- Acts against only one particular type of pathogen.
- Called immune system, acts by forming antibodies and by killing infected cells.
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Another name for the specific defence system?
Immune system
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Parts of the defence barrier? (9)
- Mucus-producing cells: protects respiratory system (nose, cilia)
- Lysosome: enzyme produced in body fluids in exposed areas (nose, saliva, small intestine, urine)
- Skin: a barrier to entry
- Sebaceous (oil) glands: barrier to entry
- HCL: hydrochloric acid in stomach
- Bacteria in large intestine
- Lactic acid: produced in walls of vagina, inhibits growth of pathogens.
- Blood clots: prevent entry of pathogens and loss of blood.
- Blood System: phagocytic WBC, complement proteins, interferon (attacks foreign cells).
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How does mucus play a role in defence (barrier)?
Mucus producing cells protects the respiratory system (nose, cilia).
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How does lysosome play a role in defence (barrier)?
Lysosome- enzyme produced in body fluids in exposed areas (nose, saliva of mouth, small intestine, urine)
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How does skin play a role in defence (barrier)?
Skin - a barrier to entry
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How does sebaceous glands play a role in defence (barrier)?
Sebaceous (oil) glands - barrier to entry.
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How does lactic acid play a role in defence (barrier)?
Lactic acid- produced in walls of vagina, inhibits growth of pathogens.
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How does blood clots play a role in defence (barrier)?
Blood clots- prevent pathogens entering the body and loss of blood.
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How does blood system play a role in defence?
Blood system- Phagocytic white cells, complement proteins, interferon- protein that attacks foreign cells.
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What 3 elements of the blood system help defence?
- Phagocytic white cells
- Complement proteins
- Interferon ( attack foreign cells)
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What are 5 parts of the general defence barrier? (First line)
- Mucus producing cells
- Lysosome
- Lactic acid
- Skin and sebaceous gland
- Blood clots
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