Chapter 20: Monera, Bacteria

• Tuberculosis
• Typhoid
• Cholera
• Diphtheria
• Brucellosis

• Mycobacterium bovis: bacterium that can cause TB in cattle.
• Streptococcus pyogens: pathogenic bacteria that can cause severe sore throat.
• Flavobacterium: bacteria can cause food spoilage.
• Bacteria can cause tooth decay.

• Lactobacillus converts milk to yogurt and cheese.
• Antibiotics can be formed by some microorganisms.
• Bacteria in the colon help produce vitamins.
• G.M.O’s are used to make insulin and other useful compounds.
• Bacteria are active in the Carbon and Nitrogen cycle.

Antibiotics can be formed by some microorganisms.

Bacteria in the colon can help produce vitamins.

Mycobacterium bovis can cause TB in cattle.

Streptococcus pyogens are pathogenic bacteria that can cause severe sore throat

Flavobacterium can cause food spoilage.

Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that stop the growth of or kill other microorganisms without damaging human tissue.

Antibiotics can be used to control bacterial and fungal infections but do not effect viruses.

Antibiotics have no effect on viruses.

The first antibiotic Penicillin was isolated from a fungus by Sir Alexander Fleming.

Antibiotics are mostly produced by genetically engineered bacteria.

Mutations in bacterial genes can allow bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotics will then kill ‘sensitive’ bacteria and favour resistant bacteria. Antibiotics become ineffective.

• Methicillin
• Resistant
• Staphylococcus
• Aureus

• An example of a bacterial strain that has emerged which are resistant to almost all known antibiotics (multi-resistant)
• An antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Results in the increased growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

• Prokaryotic:
• Extremely small
• No nucleus
• No membrane enclosed organelles
• DNA circular (loop)
• Cell division preceded by DNA replication

• Eukaryotic:
• Larger
• Has nucleus
• Membrane enclosed organelles
• DNA arranged into chromosomes
• Cell division preceded by mitosis or meiosis.

Prokaryotic cells DNA is circular (loop) and eukaryotic cells DNA is arranged into chromosomes.