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Chapter 30: Human Lymphatic System

  1. What does the high pressure in blood vessels cause?
    Blood pressure causes some fluid and small proteins to be forced out of blood plasma and capillaries.
  2. What are some fluid and small proteins forced out of by the high pressure?
    Some fluid and small proteins are forced out of blood plasma and capillaries.
  3. What does tissue fluid surround?
    The tissue fluid (ECF) surrounds all body cells.
  4. What is being continuously formed and needs removing?
    Tissue fluid is continuously being formed and it must be removed and returned to the blood.
  5. Where must the tissue fluid return to?
    The tissue fluid must to returned to the blood.
  6. Give a note on the formation of lymph (3p)?
    • Blood pressure causes some fluid and small proteins to be forced out of blood plasma and capillaries.
    • This fluid is called tissue fluid (ECF) and surrounds all body cells.
    • As tissue fluid is continuously being formed, it must be removed and returned to the blood.
  7. In what two ways does tissue fluid return to plasma?
    • 1. 90% enters blood vessels by osmosis.
    • 2. 10% enters lymph vessels (where it’s called lymph).
  8. What percentage of tissue fluid enters blood vessels by osmosis?
    90% of tissue fluid enters blood vessels by osmosis.
  9. How does 90% of tissue fluid return to plasma?
    90% enters blood vessels by osmosis.
  10. What percentage of tissue fluid returns to plasma by lymph vessels?
    10% of tissue fluid enters lymph vessels.
  11. How does 10% of tissue fluid return to plasma?
    10% enters lymph vessels to return to plasma.
  12. Where does lymph travel after entering the lymph vessel?
    After entering the lymph vessel it travels back to the blood through the subclavian veins (near collarbones) or thoracic duct(collects from lower portion of body).
  13. How many litres a day is transported back to the blood through subclavian veins?
    3L a day.
  14. Where is the subclavian veins located?
    Near the collar bones.
  15. What collects from the lower portion of the body?
    Thoracic duct.
  16. In what 3 ways is the flow of lymph helped by?
    • 1. By rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls of the lymph vessels due to pulsatile flow of blood in adjacent arteries.
    • 2. By contraction of the skeletal muscles.
    • 3. Pressure changes during breathing.
  17. What has a rhythmic contraction to help the flow of lymph?
    Rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls of the lymph vessels due to pulsatile flow of blood in adjacent arteries.
  18. The rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls of lymph vessels are due to what?
    The rhythmic contraction of the muscular walls of lymph vessels are due to pulsatile flow of blood in adjacent arteries.
  19. What type of muscle contracts helping the flow of lymph?
    Skeletal muscles contract.
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jacquelineglynn
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361846
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Chapter 30: Human Lymphatic System
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