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SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
19. Mean lower low water (MILLW is the reference plane used for
a. Sounding on the U.S. east and west coasts
b. All vertical gulf measurements
c. Heights above water for lights, mountains, etc.
d. Soundings on the U.S. east coast only
20. A single line of position combined with a dead-reckoning position results in a(n)
a. Running fix
b. Estimated position
c. Assumed position
d. Fix
21. The sun and moon align twice each month--what type of tides can be expected?
a. Apogean
b. Perigean
c. Spring
d. Neap
22. A buoy mark with a composite group-flashing light indicates a
a. Dredging operation
b. Fishing area only
c. Restricted area
d. Preferred channel
23. On the U.S. east and west coasts charted depths are taken from
a. Means sea level
b. Mean high level
c. Mean low water
d. Mean lower low water
24. A weather forecast expects a "backing" wind. In the Northern Hemisphere, this would indicate that it will
•
a. Shift in a clockwise manner
b. Shift in a counterclockwise manner
c. Increase in velocity
d. Decrease in velocity
25. What type of tides occur when the sun and moon are at right angles (90 degrees) to eachother?
a. Neap b.
Spring
c.
Diurnal
d.
Semi-diurnal
26. If lighted preferred-channel buoy will show a
a. Orange light whose characteristic is Morse (A) b.
Composite group-flashing (Morse (A)) white light
C.
Composite group-flashing (2+1) red or green light
d.
Composite group-flashing (2+1) orange light
27. A weather forecast expects a "veering" wind. In the Northern Hemisphere, this would indicate that it will a.
Shift in a clockwise manner
b.
Shift in a counterclockwise manner
C.
Continue blowing from the same direction
d.
Increase in velocity
OUESTIONS
?

28. The length of a lunar day is.
_•
a. The same length of a solar day b.
About 10 minutes longer than the solar day
C.
About 50 minutes shorter than the solar day
d.
About 50 minutes longer than the solar day
29. A lighted preferred-channel buoy may show a_
a. Fixed red light b.
Composite group-flashing light
c. Morse (A) white light d.
Group-occulting light
30. To determine the depth of the water--what should you apply to your depth finder reading?
a. Subtract the draft of the vessel.
b. Add the draft of the vessel.
C.
Subtract the sea water correction.
d. Add the sea water correction.
31. A local wind which occurs especially during the day owing to the land heating up is a
a. Foreign
b. Sea breeze
c. Land breeze d.
Chinook
32. A location that is acquired by using three or more intersecting lines of position taken at nearly the same time is a
_•
a. Dead-reckoning position
b. Fix C.
Running Fix
d.
None of the above
33. Flashing green lights may appear on
a. Horizontally banded buoys
b. Vertically striped buoys C.
Yellow buoys
d.
Spherical buoys
34. Wind resulting from the cooling of a land mass more quickly especially at night than adjacent water isa a.
Coastal breeze
b.
Land breeze
C.
Sea breeze
d.
Mistral
35. The term "Mean High Water" is the average height of
a.
All high waters over a 19-year period
b.
The higher high waters
C.
The lower high waters
d.
The lower of the two daily tides
36. Which term best describes "an accurate position which is NOT based on any prior position"?
a. Dead-reckoning position b.
Estimated position
C.
Running fix
d.
Fix

SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
37. A safe water mark may exhibit a.
Vertical stripes
b. A red light C.
A white light
d. A and C
38. Mean Low Water is an average height of
a.
All low water over a 19-year period
b. The surface of the sea
c. High waters and low waters
d. The lower of the two daily low tides
39. A position obtained using only the vessel's course and speed from a known position is a
a. Dead-reckoning position
b. Fix
c. Running Fix
d. None of the above
40. A vertically striped aid to navigation buoy may be
Striped black and red
b. Striped black and yellow
c. Lighted with a white light
d. Lighted with a red light
41. The path that a vessel is expected to follow is called the
a. DR plot b.
Heading
C.
Track line
Estimated course
42. When plotting a DR, you should always start from a(n)
a. Known position
b. Assumed position C.
Safe water mark only d.
None of the above

43. What best describes a safe water mark--painted and lighted?
a. Black and white stripes with an interrupted quick flashing light
b. Red and white stripes with a Morse (A) light (o C.
Black and red stripes with a Morse (A) light (• )
d. Black and red stripes with an interrupted quick flashing light
44. A lighted buoy with a red spherical top mark indicates
a. A safe water buoy
b. A fish trap area
A hazard to navigation d.
A bifurcation in the channel
45. How many high tides usually occur each day on the East Coast of the United States?
a. Five b.
One
c. d.
Two
Three
46. Which IALA Region B aid to navigational mark may only be lettered and NOT numbered?
An unlighted, green, can buoy
b.
A spherical red, nun buoy
C. A spherical buoy d.
A port side day-shape

SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
47. The scale on a nautical chart is given as 1:80,000. This means the representative factionis
a. 1 inch on the chart equals 80,000 inches on the Earth's surface
b. 1 inch on the chart equals 80,000 feet on the Earth's surface
C. 1 degree of latitude on the chart equals 80,000 inches on the Earth's surface
d. 1 nautical mile on the chart equals 80,000 inches on the Earth's surface
48. Nun buoys may show ONLY
a. Flashing red lights
b. Flashing green lights
c. White lights
d. Yellow lights
49. A description on a nautical chart noting a "Racon" indicates
a. Radar conspicuous beacon
b. Radar and radio circular beacon C.
Radar calibration beacon
d. Radar transponder beacon
50. Legends printed on a nautical chart in CAPITAL LETTERS show that the associated landmarkis
a. Conspicuous
b. Inconspicuous
c. A government facility or station
d. A radio transmitter
51. A non-lateral aid with a red spherical top mark assists in identifying which ATON?
a. Western Rivers day board
b. A safe water mark
c. Special purpose marks
d. Western Rivers aids to navigation
52. When there are 2 high and 2 low tides in a 24-hour period this is called
a. Interval
b. Mixed
c. Diurnal
d. Semidiumal
53. You are in-bound on course for the harbor and sight a white light showing a Morse (A) o- to port. For safety, you should
-*
a. Change course to 359°T to pass near to the buoy
b. Leave the buoy to port C.
Alter course and leave the buoy well clear to starboard d.
Check the chart to see where the marked danger lies in relation to the buoy
54. From seaward you enter the main channel, the buoy numbers on the starboard side of your vessel should
Decrease and the buoys are black
b.
Increase and the buoys are green
C.
Decrease and the buoys are red
Increase and the buoys are red
55. In IALA Region B lateral system "can" buoy is.
a. Lettered
b. Green C.
Red
d. Yellow
56. The best term that describes the difference between the heights of low and high tide is the
a. Spring
b. Period c.
Depth d.
Range
Updated: 11/4/2022

SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
57. Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are
a. At the start of spring, when the Sun is nearly over the equator
b. Only when the Sun and Moon are on the same sides of the Earth and are nearly in line
c. At right angles to each other
d. When the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line, regardless of alignmentorder
58. A mid-channel buoy, if lighted, will show a
a. Fixed green light
b. Alternating light C.
Red light
d. None of the above
59. Spring tides occur when the sun and moon are
_•
a. At the start of spring, when the Sun is nearly over the equator b.
Only on the same side of the Earth and nearly in line
C.
At approximately 90° to each other as seen from the Earth
d. Nearly in line with the Earth
60. You are outbound to the sea in a buoyed channel and observe a quick-flashing green light on a buoy ahead of you. In IALA Region B, you should leave the buoy
a. Well clear on either side
b. No less than 50 yards off on either side
c. To port
d. To starboard
61. Your vessel changes heading to starboard, the compass card in a magnetic compass will
a. Remain aligned with compass north
b. Also turns to starboard c.
First turns to starboard then counterclockwise to port
d. Turns counterclockwise to port
62. When entering a Vessel Traffic Separation zone from sea a lighted Special Purpose buoy to be kept to port
and shall have a
a. Yellow light
b. Green light
c. Red light
d. None of the above
63. The symbol which appears beside a light on a chart reads "Gp FIG (2) 12 sec 160 ft 19M". Which characteristic of light color does it possess?
a. It has a white light.
b. Its distinguishing number is "19M".
c. It has a green light.
d. It flashes once every twelve seconds.
64. Which symbol represents a warm front?
a. Line with blue half circles on one side
b. Line with purple triangles and circles
C.
Line with red half circles on one side
d. Line with diamonds
65. When entering from sea in U.S. waters what buoy should be left to port?
a. Even number
b. Composite
c. Nun shape d.
Odd number

SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
66. Lateral buoys which only mark the left or right side of a channel shall NEVER exhibit a light
characteristic of
a. Composite group flashing (2+1) b.
Quick flashing
c. Occulting d.
Equal interval (isophase)
67. Which chart projection is most suited for coastal navigation?
a. Gnomonic
b. Lambert conformal
c. Polyconic
d. Mercator
68. To make a correction to your compass course (PS) you would find the variation on a Mercator
chart a.
On the mileage scale
b. On the compass rose
c. Coast Pilot
d. None of the above
69. A conical buoy (referred to as a "nun buoy") will
a. Be green in color and odd numbered
b. Be red in color and even numbered
c. Be left to port when entering from seaward
d. Be cylindrical in shape
70. The instrument that reads atmospheric pressure differences and changes is
a. Barometer
b. Anemometer C.
Chronometer
d. None of the above
71. Prior to reading an aneroid barometer, you should tap the face lightly with your finger to
a. Expose any loose connections
b. Demagnetize the metal elements C.
Contract and expand the glass face
d. Bring the pointer to its true position
72. A cold front symbol on a weather chart is represented by
a. Line with red triangles
b. Line with blue triangles
c. Line with blue circles
d. Line with purple triangles
73. Fixed yellow lights may appear on a. b.
Isolated danger buoys
C.
Special purpose buoys
d.
Vertically striped buoys
Horizontally banded buoys
2 Сво нанои во сай ни виал осбивня font ні оси мАнЕ дов ди бет товыя
Line with blue circles
C. d.
Line with red and blue circles and triangles
Line with red triangles
Line with purple half-circles and triangles

SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
15. Which buoy listed below could be used to mark a special anchorage?
a. Yellow buoy lettered "B"
b. White buoy numbered "3"
c. White buoy with a green top "2"
d. White buoy with orange bands
16. Local Notice to Mariners reports dredging operations underway in your vicinity. Which buoy indicates the dredging area?
2. White buoy with a green top
b. White and international orange buoy
c. Yellow buoy
d. Yellow and black vertically striped buoy
77. The weather forecast calls for a stationary front. Which weather chart symbol represents this?
a. Line with red circles on one side and blue triangles on the other
b. Line with blue circles
c. Line with purple circles and triangles
d. Line with red circles and blue triangles on the same side
78. A white buoy with an orange-colored rectangle on it is used to indicate
a. Danger area
b. A controlled area
c. General information
d. An exclusion area
79. The chart projection most widely used for navigation is the
a. Mercator
b. Lambert conformal
c. Azimuthal
d. Gnomonic
80. An Occluded Front is represented by which color line?
a. Red
b. Blue
c. Alternating red and blue
d. Purple
81. The description "Racon" alongside an illustration on a chart would mean a
a. Circular radio beacon
b. Radar conspicuous beacon
c. Radar calibration beacon
d. Radar transponder beacon
82. A Line of Position made by sighting two charted objects in a direct line is called a
a. Relative bearing
b. Dead reckoning
c. Range line
d. Track line
83. Chart legends printed in CAPITAL, LETTERS show that the associated landmarkis
a. Inconspicuous
b. A radio transmitter
C. A government facility or station
d. None of the above

34. To measure the distance on a Mercator chart betreen two waypoints. Which tool would you use to measure the distance?
a. Weems plotter
b. Dividers
c. Parallel ruler
d. Nautical slide rule
85. Distance along a track line is measured on a Mercator chart by using the
a. Latitude scale at the bottom of the chart only
b. Longitude scale near the middle of the track line
c. Latitude scale at the mid-latitude of the chart
d. Latitude scale nearest to the track line
86. If lighted, white lights may be found on
a. Information and regulatory buoys
b. Special purpose buoys c.
Preferred channel buoys
d. Numbered buoys
87. Conspicuous landmarks on a chart legend are printed in a.
Capital letters
b. Italics
c. Boldface print
d. Underlined letters
88. Informational and regulatory buoys are
a. Solid yellow
b. White with orange geometric shapes
c. Red and white vertically striped d.
Green and red horizontally banded
89. The rise and fall of the ocean's surface due to a distant storm is known as
a. Sea b.
Waves
C.
Swell d.
Fetch
90. Isolated danger buoys on IALA Region B waterways are painted with alternating
a. Red and black bands
b. Green and black bands
c. Red and white stripes
d. Green and white bands
91. Normally weather patterns in the U.S. generally move from a.
North to south
b.
West to east
C.
East to west
d.
None of the above
92. Which Federal agency maintains aids to navigation in the U.S.?
b. Army Corps of Engineers
c. Homeland Security Agency
Coast Guard
d.
National Ocean Service

SEA SCHOOL - OUPV STUDY GUIDE
93. United States Coast Guard is responsible for publishing the
a.
Light Lists
b.
US Coast Pilot
C.
Radio Navigational Aids
d.
List of Lights
94. What critical source of information is to be used in correcting charts and maintaining them up to date?
a. Fleet Guides
b. Local Notice to Mariners C.
Sailing Directions d.
Pilot Charts
95. The source to find the number of a chart for a certain geographicarea?
a. List of Lights b.
Catalog of Nautical Charts
C.
American Practical Navigator
d.
Local Notice to Mariners
96. A weekly source for Mariner warnings of serious defects or important changes to aids to navigation are published,
a. Marine weather broadcasts
b. Local Notice to Mariners C.
Corrected editions of charts
d.
Light Lists
97. The U.S. Coast Pilot (Volumes I thru IX is published by which U.S. government agency?
a.
Army Corps of Engineers
b. Defense Mapping Agency C.
National Ocean Service
d.
US Coast Guard
98. Light Lists that are published for U.S. coastal waters are
a.
Correct only to the date of publication and must be updated thereafter
b. Published every year
c. Published every second month d.
Published every five years
99. Compass "deviation" is caused by the
a. Vessel's geographic position
b. Vessel's heading C.
Earth's magnetic field d.
Influence of the magnetic materials of the vessel
100. Magnetic north varies from true north because of
a. Compass error b.
Latitude
C.
Variation
d.
Deviation