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What is a ribose
- Found in RNA
- It is a sugar
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What is deoxyribose
- Found in DNA
- It is a sugar
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What is a purine
- Guanine and adenine
- Bicyclic
- 2 rings
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What is a pyrimidine
- Cytosine, thymine and unicile
- Monocyclic
- Only have 1 ring
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What is a nucleotide
Phosphate, sugar and a base
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Nuclaic acid?
DNA and RNA
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What is thymine?
- Only Found in DNA
- Matches with aidenine
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What is uricile
- Only in RNA
- Takes thymines spot
- Mathes with aidenine
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mRNA?
- Messenger RNA
- Found in cytoplasm
- Rough copy of polypeptide
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tRNA?
- Transfer RNA
- Found in ribosome
- Gathers amino acids
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What happens in RNA processing
- 5' and poly A tail are added to pre mRNA
- Pieces of RNA get deleted
- Finished mRNA leaves nucleues and enters cytoplasm
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What happens in protien synthesis?
- Linking together of amino acids in sequence determined in sequence of nitrogen bases
- *** poly A tail and 5' are added ****
- how to make functional protiens
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What is DNA's function
- Contains genetic coding
- Used to control functions
- Genetic instructions
- To code the way protiens turn genes on or off
- Used to make RNA and mRNA
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What is RNA's function?
- Carries codes from nucleus to ribosome
- Makes a copy strand of DNA
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DNA replication?
- Seperates into 2 strands
- Strands run in opposite directions
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What is a gene?
- Section on DNA
- sequence of nucleotides
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What is a protein?
Sequence of amino acids
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What is mutagen?
- Increases rate of mutation in body
- Ie: radiation, UV rays
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What is a mutation?
- Error in DNA strand
- Ie nonesense mutation
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What is DNA exactly?
- DNA is made from nuclaic acids
- Also called a polynucleotide
- 5' to 3' direction
- Guanine, cytosine, aidenine and thymine
- Double helix shape
- Bases can be in any order
- Two polynucleotides
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What is RNA exactly?
- is made from nuclaic acids
- Also called a polynucleotide
- 5' to 3' direction
- Guanine, cytosine, aidenine and uricile
- Bases can be in any order
- Single polynucleotide
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What is a codon?
- Sequence of bases (3 bases)
- AUG is start codon
- Methinine is always start aminio acid
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What is anti codon ?
- Matchin pair to codons
- Found on tRNA (bottom)
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DNA's location?
Nucleouse
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RNA's location?
- mRNA, tRNA, RNA -> cytoplasm
- Pre mRNA --> nucleouse
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Why must DNA replication occur?
- Need a full set of genes to function correctly
- Must exist in each cell so that genetics continoisly occurs
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What is DNA transcription used for?
- For making protein --> to
- Make polypeptide
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What is an amino acid?
- 20 of them
- Make chain links
- Make up polypeptide
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What is a polypeptide?
Link of amino acids held together by a peptide bond
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What is polymerase chain reaction?
Invreases DNA molecules
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What is translation?
Ribosome reads the mRNA messege and links amino acids to form a polypeptide
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ribosome?
- In cytoplasm
- DNA RNA
- two part structure
- Trabslates mRNA to amino acids
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What is albinism?
- Genetic abnormailty in animals
- Eyes skin and hair have no pigment
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What is cloning?
Production of identical copies of molecules
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What is DNA fingerprinting?
Using DNA fragments to identify a person
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What is base-pair substitution?
- One pair is replaced by another in DNA strand
- Makes diffrent amino acids
- Can be bad
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What is a framshift mutation?
- One or more bases are added Or deleted from DNA strand
- Changes polypeptide strand
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_____ is the blueprint or master copy of information used to construct an organsim
DNA
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_____ is made using DNA as a template also helps build the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
mRNA
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____ carries amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
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______ is a copying process where 2 DNA molecules are formed from one
DNA replication
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_____ builds an RNA copy of DNA nucleotide sequence, to carry to the ribosome
Transcription
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_____ involves modifying the pre-mRNA strand in the nucleouse in preparation for its use by the ribosome in protein synthesis
RNA processing
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____ is the first amino acid in a polypeptide chain
Methina
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___ is the process of building polypeptide strands
Protein synthesis/translation
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____ is 3 nucleotides in mRNA strand that code for amino acids
Codon
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____ is where 3 nucleotides are found on tRNA
Anti codon
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_____ proved that it was actually DNA, and not protein that carried genetic information in cells, by using radioactively labelled bacteriophage virus and bacterium
Hershey & Chase
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_____ correctly proposed the double helix structure of the DNA molecule as well of how DNA is replicated
Watson & Crick
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___ lack an oxygen atom in their C2 and are used by DNA
Deoxyribose sugr
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_____ have an oxygen atom in their C2 and are found in RNA
Ribose sugat
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____ are bicyclic and include adenine and guanine
Purines
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____ are monocyclic and include thymine uricile and cytosine
Pyrimadines
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___ are the building blocks of DNA and RNA
Nucleotides
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____ is only used in DNA
Thymine
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_____ is only used in RNA
Uricile
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_____ is double stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar
DNA
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____ is single stranded and contains ribose sugar
RNA
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______ nucleic acid can only be found in the nucleus
DNA
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______ nucleic acid can only be found both in the nucleus and cytoplasm
RNA
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_____ took X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA, helped Watson and crick.
Rosalind Franklin
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____ discovered that equal amounts of A and T where found in both organisms and where equal and C and T
Erwin Chargaff
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____ are the building blocks of an organism.
Genes
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___ are errors in the DNA sequence that can cause incorrect amino acids sequences to be formed in a polypeptide
Mutaions
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_____ are agents such as chemicals, UVA, or radioactive elements that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism
Mutagen
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____ are joined tougher by peptide bonds
Amino acid
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___ are chains of amino acids formed together to make protein
Polypeptide
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____ occurs when one or more base pairs are added or deleted in DNA strand
Frame shifting
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____ is the production of identical copies of molecules, genes, cells or organisms
- Cloning
- Ie: dolly the sheep
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____ is the process of using DNA. DNA fragments to identify a person or organism
DNA Fingerprinting
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The _____ is a technology that is used to make millions of copies of a DNA fragment in a short period of time
Polymerase chain
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Also called protein synthesis. Process that happens in the ribosomes of cells
Translation
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General dogma of molecular biology
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Purine and Pyrimidine diagram
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another central dogma 
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