ap gov review

vote on legislation based on their own beliefs about what is best for their constituents

vote on legislation based on the preferences of their constituents

• - power to regulate goods
• - way to keep states in check

- can make new laws to carry out constitutional given powers

- national law above state law

• - 14th amendment
• - everyone has same protection of rights
• - applies to state & local, not federal gov

• - 1st amendment 
• - no established religion

• - 5th & 14th amendments
• - law enforcement have to follow a certain lawful process

• - 1st amendment 
• - anyone can practice their religion

freedom of speech, press, etc

right to bear arms

supreme court ruling the bill of rights apply to states too (use due process clause from 14th)

no quartering soldiers

no unreasonable searches & seizures

no self criminalization; right to remain silent

right to speedy trial, lawyer, etc

civil cases will have a jury trial

no cruel or unusual punishments; no excess fines

other rights aren't stated in constitution, but can't violate it anyway

gov only has powers that're given by the constitution

federal gov't can't hear lawsuits made by citizens of another state or country that are against the state gov't

gives states immunity

electoral college elects president; bigger state = more electors

abolished slavery

guarantees African Americans citizenship and all its privileges

gave African Americans the right to vote

allows the Congress to impose an income tax w/o dividing it among the states

allowed the people of each state to choose who would represent their state in the US Senate

prohibited alcoholic drinks

women the right to vote

sets the dates at which federal gov't elected offices end and states who takes over if the president dies

repealed or abolished the 18th amendment

the term of a president will be in office which is 4 years for one term

gives the residents of Washington D.C. the right to vote for representatives in the Electoral college though D.C. isn't a state

gets rid of poll taxes

VP takes over if president dies

18 year olds are able to vote

prevents members from Congress from granting or giving themselves a pay raise

• - congress makes laws
• - has house & senate (bicameral)
• - power to borrow money
• - declare war
• - raise military

- "executive branch"

- judicial branch + courts below it

- the states relationship to federal gov

large republic = factions easy to control

checks & balances

anti big gov

• "talk bill to death"
• - 60 votes to invoke cloture

voting based on what is in the citizen's best intent

whether a party candidate in power should be re-elected based on the past

based on predictions on how future will perform

a local meeting to discuss/express support for candidates and by the parties

regular polling system done by state election officials

based solely on their affiliation with a particular political party

• states taxed fed bank 
• - necessary & proper (to create bank)
• - supremacy clause (state can't tax bank)

• student brought gun to school & charged with fed violation
• - commerce clause (can't be used to make the gun law)
• - 10th amendment (making gun law is reserved power)

• unproportional voting districts (rural v city) 
• - equal protection clause of 14th (can challenge unequal apportionment)

• racial gerrymandering
• - equal protection clause of 14th (can't give a group an advantage)

• madison didn't give marbury his judge commission 
• - judicial review (expanded supreme court's power)

• public schools had prayer
• - establishment clause of 1st (no state sponsored religion)

• amish fined for not sending kids to school
• - free exercise clause of 1st

• arrested for protesting ww1 draft
• - 1st amendment (time, manner & place restrictions)

• students protest vietnam war
• - 1st amendment (symbolic speech + students have free speech)

• nixon wanted to block pentagon papers
• - 1st amendment (heavy presumption against prior restraint)

• florida didn't supply a public defense attorney
• - 6th amendment incorporated to state level (must provide a lawyer & fair trial)

• texas has abortion law
• - 14th amendment (incorporated right to privacy to states)

• chicago banned handguns
• - 2nd amendment (incorporated to states via 14th)

• segregation in schools
• - equal protections clause of 14th

• law banned group from making political ads
• - 1st amendment

single executive more effective

judiciary branch is weak & needs to be seperated