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Name the joints of the elbow.
- 1. Humeroulnar joint-
- 2. Humeroradial joint-
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Name the broad bone formations at the distal end of the humerus and note any distinguishing features.
- Medial condyle-larger condyle located just medial to the olecranon process of ulna
- Medial epicondyle is the attachment site for the wrist and finger flexors
- Lateral condyle-smaller condyle which articulates with head of radius
- Lateral epicondyle is the attachment site for wrist and finger extensors
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Name the carpal bones of the wrist.
Proximal row (ulnar to radial)- Pisiform, Triquetrum, Lunate, Scaphoid
Distal row (ulnar to radial)- Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium
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What is the common action for all forearm and hand muscles that have the following names:
1. Extensor-
2. Flexor-
3. Radialis-
4. Ulna's-
- 1. Extend wrist and fingers
- 2. Flex wrist and fingers
- 3. Abducts wrist (i.e., radial deviation)
- 4. Adducts wrist (i.e., ulnar deviation)
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What is the origin for most of the extensor muscles of the forearm?
Lateral epicondyle (PEEL)
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What is the origin for most of the flexors of the forearm?
Medial epicondyle (FAME)
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What is the nickname for the brachialis muscle and why?
"biceps little friend" because it lies deep to the biceps brachii and helps to enhance its girth
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ulnar tuberosity:
Rough landmark on the proximal ulna just below the radioulnar joint.
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coronoid process:
A triangular shaped bony process that projects forward at the proximal end on the ulna and is received by the coronoid fossa of the humerus during flexion of the elbow.
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Brachialis O/I
- O-Distal 1/2 of anterior humerus
- I-Tuberosity of coronoid process of humerus
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Brachialis N/A
- N-Musculocutaneous (C5, C6)
- A-Flexion of elbow (humeroulnar) joint
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What are two features that distinguish the brachioradialis from other forearm muscles?
- 1. It serves as a divider between forearm extensors and flexors.
- 2. It is the only forearm muscle that extends the length of the forearm but does not cross the wrist.
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Brachioradialis O/I
- O-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- I-Styloid process of radius
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Brachioradialis N/A
- N-Radial nerve (C5, C6)
- A-Flexion of elbow (humeroulnar) joint
- Assist to pronate/supinate forearm when these movements are resisted (humeroradial) joint
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Name the forearm extensors we covered.
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Extensor Digitorum
- Extensor Carpi Ulna's
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Where are the forearm extensors located?
On the posterior aspect of the forearm between the brachioradialis and the ulna.
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extensor retinaculum:
A band of fascia that stretches across the distal ulna and radius and supports, reinforces, and compresses the extensor tendons.
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus O/I
- O-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- I-Base of 2nd metacarpal
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus N/A
- N-Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8)
- A-Extension of wrist (radoiocarpal) joint
- Abduct (radial deviation) wrist (radoiocarpal) joint
- Assist with flexion of elbow (humeroulnar) joint
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis O/I
- O-Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)
- I-Base of 3rd metacarpal
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis N/A
- N-Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
- A-Extension of wrist (radoiocarpal) joint
- Abduct (radial deviation) wrist (radoiocarpal) joint
- Assist with flexion of elbow (humeroulnar) joint
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Extensor Digitorum O/I
- O-Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)
- I-Bases of middle & distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits
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