This involves EXPOSURE (the act/ process of introduction of the parasite to its host) from one or more sources.
Contact and entry to the host.
Parasitic life cycle.
Give at least 10 ways in which a parasite can infect a host.
1. Oral ingestion of contaminated soil.
2. Oral ingestion of contaminated water.
3.Food containing the immature infective stage of the parasite.
4.Skin penetration from bites of arthropod vector or from direct penetration of infective forms.
5.A domestic or wild animal harboring the parasite.
6.Another person, his clothing, bedding, or immediate environment which he has contaminated.
7.Airborne transmission.
8.Transplacental (i.e. congenital)
9.Blood transmission
10.One’s self - autoinfection
Parasitic life cycle.
What is the phase 1 of the parasitic cycle?
Contact/ Entry to the host.
Parasitic life cycle.
Phase 2 of the parasitic cycle.
Migration of parasite in the host to its habitat.
Parasitic life cycle.
Phase 3 of the parasitic life cycle, which involves the parasite’s use of the host’s nutrients for growth,energy and multiplication.
Maturation and reproduction
Human response to parasite.
A period related to the development of the parasite, which starts w/ the entry of the parasite to its host & ends as soon as the parasite or their products can be excreted (through the feces, circulating blood, by aspiration, biopsy or other diagnostic procedure).
Biological incubation period.
Human response to parasite.
Refers to the interval between exposure & the earliest evidence of symptoms produced as a result of the infection (or infestation).
Clinical Incubation Period
Human response to parasite.
The entry & development or multiplication of a pathogen in the body of man or animals.
Infection
Human response to parasite.
The lodgment, development & reproduction of arthropods on the surface of the body or in the clothing of man, or the fur of animals.
Infestation
Animal parasitoses is rarely solid as it is in some of the viral diseases like measles. (Measles virus separated from the rinderpest virus,a sort of measles that affected cattle.) TRUE OR FALSE?
True
The presence or absence of a number of biological, chemical & physical factors in the environment directly or indirectly affects the densities & distribution of parasites. TRUE or FALSE?
TRUE
☀ Flora.Vegetation that serves as food & shelter for hosts, both definitive & intermediate, greatly influences parasite population.
☀Fauna.Animal population constitute potential hosts for parasites so that the latter can maintain themselves.
☀Water.Some infective forms of parasites are free swimming & requires water to migrate & reach its host.
☀Host population density & behavior ,population densities of transport, intermediate & definitive hosts affect parasite population densities.
☀Influence of seasons,climate, temperature and humidity also affect the development of host.
