Calvin Benson cycle and

• - the direct product is a 3-carbon sugar known as g3p or PGAL, not glucose. 
• - Furthemore, the c and o atoms are supplied form the co2 and the hydrogens are supplied from photolysis of h20 in stage one

• -This occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
• - It also includes the products of the light-dependent reactions such as ADP, PI WATER,  and NADP
• -Reactants which are carbon dioxide that enters through the stomata, AtP, NADPH AND RUBP

• 1 ) co2 fixation and reduction 
• 2) PGAL / G3P are produced 
• 3) regeneration of the RUGP to allow for the cycle to take place forever 
• - each cycle requires enzymes and obtains water as a byproduct. 
• - 3 Atps and 2 NADPHs are consumed by on co2. So, in order to make a glucose molecule, you will need to have gone through at least 6 cycles and have used 18ATP'S and 2 NADPH'S.

• - carbon atom in co2 becomes chemically bonded to  Rubp ( ribulose biphosphate that has five carbons) with an enzyme known as RUBP carboxylase ( also known as Rubsico). 
• - The result of this process is a six-carbon compound which is unstable and results in it immediately breaking down into two three-carbon identical molecules that are now stable. ( also known as sleepy PGA.
• -

• - Now these 2, 3 carbon molecules are now in a low energy state. So, they are then activated by ATP and NADPH ( accept energy from these molecules).
• - Then these two, 3 carbon molecules are reduced into PGAL( also known as G3p) 
• - Then this one PGAL goes to the waiting room and combines withe other molecules there to form  a glucose

• -provides chemical energy for the cell. 
• -combines to form glucose = stored energy for cells 
• -5 of the carbons are recycled to go make up RUBP

- So, the 5 carbons of PGAL move on forward to from RUBP and only 1 one carbon is available to form glucose.

- Pga is produced and unstable and converts to PGAL. Then PGAL COMBINES to form Rubp again. Furthermore, 1 glucose for every 6 turns

water , pgal ( g3p), adp, pi, Nadp+ , H+