A waxy secretion of the glands of the external ear canal.
Define
Counterirritant
An agent that produces superficial irritation that is intended to relieve some other irritation.
Define
Cream
A semisolid preparation of oil, water, and a medicinal agent.
Define
Elixir
A hydroalcoholic liquid that contains sweeteners, flavoring, and a medicinal agent.
Define
Emulsion
A medicinal agent that consists of oily substances dispersed in an aqueous medium with an additive to stabilize the dispersion.
Define
Emulsion
A medicinal agent that consists of oily substances dispersed in an aqueous medium with an additive to stabilize the dispersion.
Define
Ointment
A semisolid preparation that contains medicinal agents for application to the skin or eyes.
Define
Parenteral administration
By a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous).
Define
Speculum
An instrument for dilating a body orifice or cavity to allow visual inspection.
Define
Suspension
A preparation of solid particles dispersed in a liquid but not dissolved in it.
Define
Liniment
A medicine in an oily, soapy, or alcoholic vehicle to be rubbed on the skin to relieve pain or to act as a counterirritant.
Rapid administration of oral medication can cause the liquid to be aspirated into the _________, thereby causing __________.
Rapid administration of oral medication can cause the liquid to be aspirated into the lungs, thereby causing pulmonary problems.
Six rights of drug administration
1. Right patient
2. Right drug—check the label three times before administering the drug
3. Right dose
4. Right route
5. Right time and frequency
6. Right documentation
A tablet may be scored or __________
A tablet may be scored or unscored
Capsules may be advantageous to use because they allow a patient to be treated without _________________________
Capsules may be advantageous to use because they allow a patient to be treated without an unpalatable taste coming into contact with the oral mucosa
Boluses are large rectangular tablets that may be __________ or ____________.
Boluses are large rectangular tablets that may be scored or unscored
Boluses are used in the treatment of __________
Boluses are used in the treatment of large animals (e.g., cattle, horses, sheep)
Boluses usually are administered to bovines with the aid of a special instrument called a ___________
balling gun
Define
Vial
A vial is a bottle that is sealed with a rubber diaphragm
Define
Ampule
Ampules contain a single dose of medication in a small glass container with a thin neck, which is usually scored so that it can be snapped off easily.
Drugs should never be stored in syringes for a long time before administration occurs because ______________
Drugs should never be stored in syringes for a long time before administration occurs because some drugs may be absorbed into the plastic makeup of the syringe, resulting in an inadequate dose or inactivation of vaccines
Define
Lotions
Lotions are liquid suspensions or solutions with soothing substances that may be applied to the skin
Name the syringe tip
Luer-Lok (A), slip (B), eccentric (C), and catheter (D).
Define dead space when talking about syringes.
The area in which fluid remains when the plunger is completely depressed is called dead space.
What is a TB syringe
A tuberculin syringe
How much does a TB syringe hold?
up to 1 ml of medication
Dead space can waste _____, but the animal will be properly dosed despite this.
drugs
The dead space will cause the ________________ to reflect more controlled substance used than was actually administered from the vial
controlled substance log book
What is this?
A multidose syringe
What is this?
A TB syringe
Multi-dose syringes are commonly used for
large animals
TB syringes sometimes have
dead space
Insulin syringes never have
dead space
Unit of measurement on insulin syringes
units
Commonly used needle gauges for swine
16, 18
Commonly used needle needle gauges for cattle
16, 18
Commonly used needle gauges for horses
16, 18, 20
Commonly used needle gauges for dogs
20, 21, 22, 25
Commonly used needle gauges for cats
22, 25
Commonly used needle gauges for small exotics
23, 25, 27
What is this
Stainless steel bleeding needles
What is
microencapsulation
a drug form that stabilizes substances commonly considered unstable.
a protective environment is formed against harmful substances and the stability of the product is improved
may be used for drugs intended to be released slowly over a period of time or to completely mask a flavor
What is this
Small animal pilling gun
What is the device inside the cows mouth?
Frick speculum
What is this
teat infusion cannula
What is this
Teat infusion cannulas
PO administration in animals is acceptable.
False
What are these
Stomach tubes
Common complications of parenteral drug administration
irritation
necrosis
infection at the injection site
allergic reactions
Clinical signs of an allergic reaction after parenteral administration
facial swelling
limb swelling
urticaria
edema
salivation
IV catheters that are not used continuously should be flushed every
8 to 12 hours
IV Catheters should not be in place longer than
72 to 96 hours
Patients receiving IV fluid therapy should be monitored every
15 to 30 minutes
Monitoring for IV fluid therapy includes
evaluating drip rate
ensuring IV cath is placed properly in the vein
ensuring patient has not moved too much
ensuring tubing is not kinked
ensuring patient is not chewing on catheter
Ketamine is known to ____ on injection
burn
The __________ should be avoided when SQ injections are given
intrascapular area
When applying topical medications, the fur should be ______
fur should be clipped to allow proper contact with the medication
What must we do to patients ears before applying medication?
Ensure ear drum is intact
Ensure ear canals are clean and free of debris to allow for maximum effectiveness of medication
What information needs to be on a prescription label?
• The veterinary facility's name, address, and telephone number.
• The veterinarian's name.
• The client's name and address.
• The patient's name and species.
• The name of the drug.
• The strength of the drug.
• The quantity being dispensed.
• Instructions to the client about how the drug should be administered.
• The amount to be given for each dose.
• The manner in which the drug should be administered.
• How often the drug should be given.
• Information that includes the duration of administration.
• The number of refills permitted.
• The expiration date of the drug being dispensed.
• The statement “for veterinary use only” should be included on the label.
What is optional to put on a prescription label?
• Optional statement to include is “keep out of reach of children.”
Every veterinarian who orders, dispenses, prescribes, or administers controlled substances must be registered with the
Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
Registration with the DEA is valid for how long
3 years
Because some of these drugs may be misused, the DEA requires that
they be kept in an unmovable locked area
that an inventory log be kept to report amounts used (administered or dispensed) and on hand
An inventory of all controlled substances must be completed at least
every 2 years
Each time a controlled drug is administered or dispensed to a patient, this event must be reported in
the controlled substance inventory log
the patient's medical record
Documentation of the controlled drug log should include these six things:
(1) date,
(2) owner's name,
(3) patient's name,
(4) drug name,
(5) amount administered or dispensed
(6) the names of veterinary personnel who dispensed the drug.
Controlled analgesics and anesthetics include
ketamine
tiletamine (telazol)
diazepam
pentobarbital
morphone
butorphanol tartrate (torbugesic)
diphenoxylate
hydrocodone
phenobarbital
Controlled anabolic steroids include
Stanozolol
testosterone
Mibelerone
Boldenone
Schedule I substances mean that
the drugs have no (or controversial) accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse
Schedule I drugs include
LSD
Heroin
Crack cocaine
Marijuana
Peyote
Schedule II drugs mean
that the have accepted medical uses but have a high potential for abuse
Some Schedule II drugs include
morphine
meperidine
codeine
cocaine
oxymorphone
amphetamines
pentobarbital
Ordering schedule II drugs will be made on what form
DEA Form 222
Schedule III drugs mean
they have less potential for abuse than those in schedule II
Schedule III drugs include
Hycodan
paregoric
Barbituates such as thiamylal or thiopental
Anabolic steroids
Schedule IV means
Lower potential abuse than those in schedule I, schedule II and schedule III
Schedule IV drugs include
phenobarbital
diazepam
pentazocine
Schedule V drugs mean
They are lowest on the scale for abuse potential
Schedule V drugs include
most antidiarrheal and anticough medicatoins
Lomotil
Robitussin with codeine
What form do we use to notify the DEA of theft or "significant loss"
Registrants must notify the DEA of any theft or “significant loss” of controlled substances using DEA Form 106 as soon as the theft or loss is discovered.
Records for schedule I and II drugs must be
kept and stored separately from schedule III, IV and V drugs.
Entries in controlled drug substances log must be
made in ink with great care
mistakes should be marked through, corrected, and initialed
Written, typewritten or printed
maintained for at least 2 years
Regulations state that each inventory must contain what information
• Whether the inventory was taken at the beginning or the end of the business day
• Names of the controlled substances
• Each form of the controlled substances (e.g., 50-mg tablet)
• Number of dosage units in each container (e.g., 100-tablet bottles)
• Number of commercial containers of each form (e.g., two 100-tablet bottles)
• Disposition of the controlled substances
• Name, address, and DEA registration number of the registrant
• Signature of the person performing the inventory
what is AD
right ear
What is ad lib
freely, as wanted
what is AS
left ear
What is AMA
against medical advice
What is ASAP
as soon as possible
What is AU
each ear
what is b.i.d.
twice daily
What is bol.
large pill or bolus
What is Bute
Phenylbutazone
c̅
with
caps
capsule
cc
cubic centimeter
cwt.
Hundredweight
DDx
differential diagnosis
DES
diethylstilbestrol
DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide
DS
dose or days not acceptable
D/S or D-S
dextrose in saline
D5W or D5W
5% dextrose with water
Dx
Diagnosis
e.o.d.
every other day
g or gm
gram
gal
gallon
GI
gastrointestinal
gtt
drops
guttae
GU
genitourinary
h or hr
hour
IM
intramuscular
IP
intraperitoneal
IV
intravenous
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
K
potassium
l or L
liter
lt
left
LA
long acting
lb
pound
LRS
lactated ringers solution
mcg or µg
microgram
mEq
milliequivalent
mg
milligram
mm
millimeters
Na
sodium
non repetat.
do not repeat
NPO
nothing by mouth
nil per os
O
pint
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
both eyes
oz
ounce
pc
after meals
per os or PO
by mouth, orally
Phos
phosphorus
prn
as needed
PTA
prior to administration
pwd
powder
q2h
every 2 hours
qd
every day
qh or oh
every hour
qid
four times a day
qod
every other day
r or rt
right
Rx
take thou of
prescription
s̅
without
SQ or SC
subcutaneous
sid
once a day
sig
directions, instructions
SOB
shortness of breath
SR
sustained release
STAT
immediately
Sx
surgery
T, Tbs or Tbsp
tablespoon
t, tsp
teaspoon
Tab
tablet
tid
three times a day
TLC
tender loving care
TR
trace
Tx
treatment
Tx
treatment
U
unit
UG
urogenital
µL
microliter
ung.
ointment
Ut dict.
as directed
VD
vomiting/diarrhea
x
times, multiply
Author
MissAriel
ID
361395
Card Set
Routes and Techniques of Drug Administration
Description
Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition Boyce Wanamaker, Kathy Massey
Chapter 2: Routes and Techniques of Drug Administration
