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- buccinator
- compresses the cheeks
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- orbicularis oculi
- closes eyes, producing blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly
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- orbicularis oris
- closes mouth, purses and protrudes lips (kissing + whistling)
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- zygomaticus
- raises lateral corners of lips and causes you to smile
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- sternocleidomastoid
- simultaneous contraction of both muscles causes flexion of neck forward
- also rotates head toward shoulder on opposite side
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- pectoralis majoy
- flexes the humerus
- as a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus
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- pectoralis minor
- depresses the point of the shoulder, drawing the scapula superior, towards the thorax, and throwing its inferior angle posteriorly
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- trapezius
- extends head, raises, rotates, and retracts (adducts) scapula and stabilizes it
- superior fibers elevate scapula and inferior fibers depress it (shrugging shoulders)
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- external intercostals
- pulls ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage
- aids in inspiration
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- internal intercostals
- draws ribs together to depress rib cage
- aids in forced expiration (antagonistic to external intercostals)
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- supraspinatus
- assists abduction of humerus; stabilizes shoulder joint
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- infraspinatus
- lateral rotation of humerus
- helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
- stabilized shoulder
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- teres major
- extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus
- synergist of latissimus dorsi
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- latissimus dorsi
- prime mover of arm extension
- adducts and medially rotates arm
- brings arm down in power stroke, as in striking a blow
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- external oblique
- aids muscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion
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- internal oblique
- flexes and rotates vertebral column
- stabilizes pelvis during walking
- used in sit-ups and curls
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- rectus abdominus
- flexes and rotates vertebral column
- stabilized pelvis during walking
- used in sit-ups and curls
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- transverse abdominus
- compresses abdominal contents
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- triceps brachii
- powerful forearm extensor
- antagonist of forearm flexors (brachialis and biceps brachii)
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- biceps brachii
- flexion of elbow and supination of the forearm
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- pronator teres
- acts to pronate forearm
- weak elbow flexor
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- brachioradialis
- synergist in forearm flexion
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- flexor digitorium superficialis
- flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
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- flexor carpi ulnaris
- powerful flexor of wrist
- adducts hand
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- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extends and adducts wrist
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- extensor digitorum
- prime mover of finger extension
- extends wrist
- can flare (abduct fingers)
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- illiacus
- flex trunk on thigh
- flex thigh
- lateral flexion of vertebral column
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- gluteus maximus
- complex powerful thigh extensor (most effective when thigh is flexed, as in climbing stairs, but not as in walking)
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- gluteus medius
- abducts and medially rotates thigh
- steadies pelvis during walking
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green
- adductor longus
- adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
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white
- gracilis
- adducts thigh
- flexes and medially rotates leg, especially during walking
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sartorius
- strap-like superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee
- flexes abducts and laterally rotates thigh
- flexes knee
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black
- sartorius
- flexes abducts and laterally rotates thigh
- flexes knee
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black
- rectus femoris
- extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
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- vastus lateralis
- extends and stabilizes knee
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white
- vastus medialis
- extends and stabilizes patella
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hint: deep
- vastus intermedius
- extends knee
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black
- biceps femoris
- extends thigh
- laterally rotates leg
- flexes knee
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green
- semitendinosus
- extends thigh
- flexes knee
- medially rotates leg
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white
- semimembranosus
- extends thigh
- flexes knee
- medially rotates leg
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- tibialis anterior
- prime mover of dorsiflexion
- inverts foot
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- fibularis (peroneus) longus
- plantar flexes and everts foot
- helps keep foot flat on the ground
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- gastrocnemius
- plantar flexes when knee is extended
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- soleus
- plantar flexion
- is an important muscle for locomotion
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