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The rhomboids lie deep/superficial to what muscles?
- Deep to trapezius-
- Superficial to ESGs-
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The fibers of the rhomboids are perpendicular to those of which muscle?
Trapezius-
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What shape do the fibers of the rhomboids on both sides of the spine resemble?
'Christmas tree'
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Which rhomboid muscle lies superiorly/inferiorly?
Rhomboid major is inferior to rhomboid minor
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What is the origin of the rhomboid major muscle?
Spinous processes of T2 to T5-
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What is the insertion of the rhomboid major muscle?
- Medial border of scapula
- Between inferior angle and spine of scapula
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What is the origin for the rhomboid minor muscle?
Spinous processes C7 to T1-
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What is the insertion for the rhomboid minor muscle?
- Medial border of scapula
- Across from spine of scapula
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What are the actions for both of the rhomboid muscles?
- Adduction of scapula at S/T joint-
- Elevation of scapula at S/T joint-
- Downward rotation of scapula at S/T joint-
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What is the origin for the levator scapula muscle?
Transverse processes of C1 to C4-
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What is the insertion for the levator scapula muscle?
- Medial border of scapula
- Between superior angle and spine of scapula
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What are the actions of the levator scapula muscles?
- Bilaterally-
- Extension of head/neck-
- Unilaterally-
- Elevates scapula at S/T joint
- Downwardly rotates scapula at S/T joint
- Laterally flexes head/neck
- Rotates head/neck to same side
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With which muscle does the levator scapula dovetail, and what is the relationship between the actions of these two muscles?
- Splenius capitis-
- Creates similar actions at head and neck-
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What muscle does the serratus anterior connect through fascia to?
External obliques-
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The serrates anterior is an antagonist to which muscles?
Rhomboids-
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What is the origin for the serratus anterior muscle?
External surface of upper 8 to 9 ribs-
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What is the insertion for the serratus anterior muscle?
- Anterior medial border of scapula
- From the superior to the inferior angle
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The actions of the serratus anterior muscle vary depending on what factor(s)?
- Fixation of the attachment sites-
- Fixation of upper 8-9 ribs (origin)
- Fixation of scapula (insertion)
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What are the actions of the serratus anterior muscle when the origin (upper 8-9 ribs) is fixed?
- Protraction (abduction) of scapula at S/T joint-
- Upward rotation of scapula at S/T joint-
- Depression of scapula at S/T joint-
- Hold medial border of scapula against rib cage-
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What are the actions of the serratus anterior muscle when the insertion (anterior, medial border scapula) is fixed?
May elevate ribs with forced inhalation-
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Name the subdivisions of fibers for the pectoralis major muscle.
- Clavicular-
- Sternal-
- Costal-
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What actions of the pectoralis major muscle make it an antagonist of itself?
- Upper fibers flex the shoulder-
- Lower fibers extend the shoulder-
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What is the origin for the pectoralis major muscle?
- Medial 1/2 clavicle-
- Sternum-
- Costal cartilages of ribs 1 to 6-
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What is the insertion for the pectoralis major muscle?
Greater tubercle crest of humerus-
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What are the collective actions of all pectoralis major muscle fibers?
- Adduction of shoulder-
- Internal (medial) rotation of shoulder-
- Assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (w/arm fixed)-
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What are the actions of only the upper pectoralis major muscle fibers?
- Flexion of shoulder-
- Horizontal adduction of shoulder-
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What are the actions of only the lower pectoralis major muscle fibers?
- Extend the shoulder-
- (i.e., extend shoulder from flexed position)
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Describe the pectoralis minor muscle relative to the pectoralis major muscle.
- Smaller-
- Deeper-
- Fibers run perpendicular-
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What important structures lie deep to the pectoralis minor muscle?
- Brachial plexus-
- Axillary artery-
- Axillary vein-
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thoracic outlet syndrome:
Compression of the brachial plexus and axillary artery and vein by the pectoralis minor muscle.
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deltopectoral groove:
Indented line of intersection between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles.
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What is the origin for the pectoralis minor muscle?
Ribs 3 to 5-
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What is the insertion for the pectoralis minor muscle?
Coracoid process of scapula-
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What are the actions of the pectoralis minor muscle?
- Depress scapula at S/T joint-
- Protract (abduct) scapula at S/T joint-
- Downwardly rotate scapula at S/T joint-
- Assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (w/scapula fixed)-
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supraglenoid tubercle:
A bony prominence just superior to the glenoid cavity.
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biceps aponeurosis:
Thin sheet of fascia that wraps around the medial elbow.
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What is the origin for the biceps brachii muscle?
- Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Short head - Coracoid process of scapula
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What is the insertion for the biceps brachii muscle?
- Radial tuberosity-
- Bicipital aponeurosis-
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What are the actions of the biceps brachii muscle?
- Shoulder flexion-
- Elbow flexion-
- Forearm supination-
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Name the heads of the triceps brachii muscle.
- Long head-
- Lateral head-
- Medial head-
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What is the origin for the triceps brachii muscle?
- Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle
- Lateral head - Proximal 1/2, posterior humerus
- Medial head - Distal 1/2, posterior humerus
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What is the insertion for the triceps brachii muscle?
Olecranon process of ulna-
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What action do all of the triceps brachii heads participate in?
Extension of the elbow-
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In addition to elbow extension, what other actions is the triceps brachii responsible for and why?
- Adduction of the shoulder, and
- extension of the shoulder,
- because the long head crosses the shoulder joint and thus acts upon it
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List the muscles that attach at the coracoid process.
- Biceps brachii (short head)-
- Coracobrachialis-
- Pectoralis minor-
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What is the nickname for the coracobrachialis muscle?
"armpit muscle"
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What is the origin for the coracobrachialis muscle?
Coracoid process of scapula-
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What is the insertion for the coracobrachialis muscle?
Medial surface of mid-humerus
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What are the actions of the coracobrachialis muscle?
- Shoulder flexion-
- Shoulder adduction-
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