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Pectoral Region
- -Regions of the body that is located external to the anterior thoracic wall and anchors the upper limb to the trunk
- -Superficial compartment containing skin, superficial fascia, and the breasts
- -Deep compartment containing the muscles and associated structures
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The sternum is made up of 3 parts:
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process
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2 facts about the Manubrium
- -Upper margin of the manubrium is the jugular notch
- -Junction of manubrium with body form palpable ridge called Sternal Angle
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Inferior, sword-shaped segement of Sternum
Xiphoid process
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A deep sulcus between the greater and lesser tubercles
Intertubercular groove
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3 facts about mammary glands
- -Modified sweat gland specialized for milk production
- -In both female and males the gland lies in the superficial fascia
- -Glandular and connective tissue is subject to hormonal regulation
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The _____ ______ projects from the upper later surface of the breast into the axilla
axillary tail
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Inframammary fold
Inferior portion of the breast that is demarcated rather sharply from the chest wall
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Order in which milkf travels from when it is produced to when it leaves the nipple
Mammary lobule, mammary (terminal) ductile, lactiferous duct, lactiferous sinus
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Limiting membrane that sits posteriorly to the superficial fascia
retromammary fascia
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Arterial supply to the breast
- -Lateral mammary vessels
- -Medial mammary vessels
- -Possible derivation from the pectoral branch off the thoracoacromial trunk
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Venous drainage from breasts
- -Typically drain along arterial paths
- -Chief drainage is towards the axilla emptying into the axillary vein
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75% of total drainage from the breast drains here:
- lymph nodes of axilla
- (addtional drainage into parasternal lymph nodes)
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Cancer is spread through the anastomoses of these lymphatics
Subcutaneous lymphatics
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What is the order in which lymph drains through the nodes?
(PSBCA)
Pectoral, Subscapular, Brachial, Central, Apical
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The pectoral girdle is made up of those muscles:
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and the subclavius muscle
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This muscle attaches the humerus to the clavicle and axial skeleton
Pectoralis Major
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The Pectoralis Major has these three anatomical heads
- -Clavicular head
- -Sternal head
- -Costal head
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The portion of Pectoralis Major is active with horzontal adduction
Sternal portion/head
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The clavicular portion of the Pectoralis Major is responsible for this action of the arm
flexion, especially from an extended position
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The costal portion of the Pectoralis Major performs these actions
- -Extension, especially from a flexed position
- -Depresses the shoulder (scapula)
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Action of subclavius
- -Depresses and protracts the clavicle
- -Shunting the clavicle toward the manubrium in violent movements of upper extremity (throwing, punching)
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Fascia associated with the pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles
Clavicopectoral fascia
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Cutaneous innervation of the pectoralis region
- -Anteriorly by medial and lateral branches of the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve
- -Laterally by anterior branches of the lateral cutaneous branch of the itnercostal nerves
- -Superiorly by the supraclavicular nerves (C3,4) given off of the cervical plexus
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What nerves provide motor innervation to the muscles of the pectoral region?
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves and nerve to subclavius
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Two main branches from the axillary arter
- -Thoracoacromial trunk
- -Lateral thoracic artery
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Four branches off the thoracoacromial trunk
- -Acromial branch
- -Clavicular branch
- -Deltoid branch
- -Pectoral branch
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Deltopectoral triangle
- -Bound superiorly by the deltiod, medially by the clavicle, and inferiorly by the pectoralis major
- -Pierced by the cephalic vein from upper limb to axillary vein
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