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The
Process of creating and sharing meaning through the use of symbols.
communication
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One who starts or advances the communication
process by generating a message EX> (“ how’s you family?”)
initiator
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One who perceives and attempt to understand a
message.
interpreter
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our thoughts are influenced by the words we know and the patterns of language that
dominate our culture
Suggests
that 2 people speaking different languages will have a different perceptions of
reality
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
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when others ignore our presentation of self and act indifferent to the image we are displaying.
Disconfirmation
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when others contradict the presentation of our self and act inconsistently with the
image we are displaying
Rejection
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when others accept our presentation of self and act in harmony with the image we are
displaying
Confirmation
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those things that you know about yourself but others do not
Blind quadrant
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the part of yourself that is known both to you and to others
Open quadrant
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the conception of yourself as member of a group or category
Identity
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the tendency to live up to the expectations created for us
Self-fulfilling prophecy
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a relatively consistent image set of perception that you have about yourself
Self-concept
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the consciousness of our existence and degree to which we understand ourselves
Self-awareness
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the attribution of our own motivations to someone else’s behaviors
Similarity bias
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the tendency to attribute external causes to our own misfortunes, but not to those
of others
Self-serving bias
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the tendency to think better of attractive people than unattractive people and to
make positive attributions about their behavior
Attractiveness bias
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the
overestimation of degree to which other peoples behaviors are due to internal
factors and underestimation of the significance of external forces
Fundamental attribution error
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categories that people and events can be differentiated
Personal construct
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determine the meaning of an event or interaction
Interpretation
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when we assign meaning to the actions of others
and ourselves.
Attribution
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a
specific person, personality or phenomenon that exemplifies a set of
characteristics.
Prototype
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categories by which people and events can be differentiated: people
develop constructs based on previous observations and experience; accumulation
of past experiences.
Personal construct
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placing stimuli in a knowledge structure or
category to give meaning and aid retention
Organization
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Focusing on some sensory stimuli rather than the
other
Selection
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the
process of perceiving constructing meaning from , and responding to spoken or
non-verbal messages
Listening
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the
act of perceiving sounds or other related stimuli
Hearing
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the
use of time to communicate nonverbally
Chronemics
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the
use of space to communicate nonverbally
Proxemics
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messages
expressed through symbols other than words
Non-verbal communication
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A
characteristic of nonverbal communication indication that nonverbal messages
are inherently connected to our emotions and mental states
Nonverbal communication is intrinsic
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the idea
that our thoughts are influenced by the words we know and the patterns of
language that dominate our culture
linguistic relativity hypothesis
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they
represent ideas or objects and allow us to talk about them
symbolic
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is technical language often associated wit a particular profession
Jargon
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Is verbal communication that demonstrates respect for others by using
language that values them as individuals
Inclusive language
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A socially accepted word phrase substituted for and uncomfortable or unacceptable
one
Euphemism
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have no physical referent; they refer to thoughts or theories
Abstract words
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the meaning of words based on specific individual or cultural experiences of values: often
these meanings are invested with emotion.
Connotation
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come as close as possible to an object. words with readily available, denotative meaning
ex lamp chair do not convey emotion.
Concrete words
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the dictionary definition of a word
Denotation
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the ability to see, think about , and act based on the consequences of your
behaviors.
Self-Monitoring
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is nthe ability to consider behavior from someone else’s point of view.
Perspective taking
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means responding in ways that fit the communication context.
Appropriateness
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refers to the principles that guide our decisions about what is good or bad, right or
wrong
Ethics
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communication is inevitable even non verbal
communication is interpreted as meaningful by others
inevitable
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regret of something said
irreversible
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·
Communicators initiate an interpret messages
simultaneously
transactional
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a culture within a culture
Co-culture
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every thing that makes up ones way of life
·
Shared values
·
Knowledge
·
Behaviors
Culture
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using some from of technology and includes communication by
means of tel. radio film printed books newspapers and the Internet
Mediated communication
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interaction with large numbers of people Public speaking
presentations
Public communication
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takes place among three to seven people – communicate to
accomplish some goal or purpose
Small group communication
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interaction among a small number of people characterized by
more personal
Interpersonal communication
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com. Within one self.
- Intrapersonal
- communications
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a medium that carries messages between communicators
Channel
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interference in the environment such as sounds that compete
for you attention
External noise
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happens when physiological need or psychological characteristics
interfere in communication process
Internal noise
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is anything that interferes with the certain or shared
meaning between communicators
Noise
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a response or reaction to a message
Feedback
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are symbolic expressions of ideas thoughts and
feeling
a.
Verbal
b.
Nonverbal
Messages
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interprets a message
Decoding
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initiates and creates a message
Encoding
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communication process
- a.
- two or more communicators
- c.
- one or more communication channels
- d.
- a certain amount of noise or interference in the
- communication process
- e.
- feedback exchange between communicators
- f.
- a communication setting or context
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