Respiratory

- Oxygen is brought to every cell of the body and carbon dioxide leaves every cell in the body

• - Moist environment to help gases dissolve.
• - more surface area to increase the rate of diffusion

This involves two processes known as inspiration and expiration

- this is basically gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood which occurs in the lungs

- this is the exchange of co2 and oxygen between cells and blood

- cells transforming oxygen into atp

• - also known as the nasal cavity and oral cavity when breathing is more rapid 
• - The nasal cavity is lined with dilated cells that secrete mucus , moisten and clean incoming air.
• - the oral cavity does not have ciliated cells

- this is the passageway for air into the respiratory system as wells as food and water into the digestive system

• - travels through the opening known as the glottis.
• - when the epiglottis is at rest it is up right to let air into the lower respiratory tract

• - this is also known as the voice box.
• - that is made up of cartilage and thin elastic models called your vocal cords.
• - the larger
•  the larynx the lower your voice and the smaller your larynx the higher your voice

• -This is also known as the windpipe.
• - Supported by semicircular bands of cartilage  to prevent the tube from collapsing.
• - there is ciliated cells to moisten, clean and secrete mucus. 
• - Trachea is in the front and esophagus in the back

- the right lung contains 3 lobes while the left only has two due it being behind the heart

• - double layered membrane around each lung for protection.
• - allows the lungs to attach to the thoracic or chest cavity to expand and contract without friction.

• - one is known as the bronchus.
• - each bronchus then divided into smaller tubes known as bronchioles that contains smooth muscle for contraction and dilation.
• - each bronchi and bronchioles contain ciliac cells to obtains any foreign particles to be exposed by coughing or sneezing

They are exchanged through diffusion in a one thick cell membrane

• The difference in air pressure. This is because gases move from area of higher pressure to lower pressure.
• - these are controlled by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles known as the ribs.

• - when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.
•  - the rib cage moves upward and outward while the diaphragm moves downward. 
• - the chest cavity’s volume increases and results in the pressure decreasing allowing for more air to emerges.

• - the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax.
• - rib cage comes downwards and in and diaphragm comes up increasing the pressure and reducing volume resulting in the air leaving the body.

• This is graph that represents the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs. 
• - broken down into tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume , vital capacity  and residual volume

- this is the normal amount of air that you breathe in and out

- this is the maximum amount of air you can breathe in

- this is the maximum amount of air you can breathe out

- total amount of air put in and out of the lungs

-This is will be the little amount of air that remains in the lungs to avoid them collapsing

• - this takes place in the lungs in which gases are exchanged between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries using the concentration gradient and diffusion. 
• -

• - an infection in the tonsils that are found in the pharynx.
• - can be removed if infections are frequent.
• - prevent bacteria and other foreign particles from entering the body

• - Broken down in to two types known as acute which is short term and chronic which is long term. 
• - causes the bronchi to be inflamed and filled withe mucous.
• - Chronic is more long term because of the constant exporsure such as smoking and air pollution. 
• -

• - this is because the alveoli becoming inflamed and filled with fluid. 
•  - can be caused by bacteria, fungi virus. 
•  - symptoms persistent coughs chest paint and difficulty breathing 
• - leading cuz of death for kids under 5

• - this is a collapsed lung when air builds up in the space between the pleural membrane. 
• - caused by rib fractures, punctures of the thoracic cavity

• - this is a chronic lung disease that affects the bronchi and the bronchioles making it difficult for oxygen to pass through.
•  - constant inflation of lungs such as pollen, smoke and air pollution

- this is the uncontrolled and invasive growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. As well as block air from entering the bronchioles.