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Gate, Trier, fourth century

Arch of Constantine, Rome, 315

Colussus of Constantine (head from giant statue of Constantine, 4th century, now fragmentary)

The Labarum motif

Jerusalem in the Madaba Map

Constantine presents the city of Constantinople to the Virgin Mary

Ring of Childeric

Gregory of Tours

Decorative bees found in Childeric's tomb

Opening page of a copy of Gregory of Tour's Histories

The baptism of Clovis on a ninth-century ivory

Merovingian tremissis

Lex Salica

Medallion of Theoderic I

First page of the St. Petersburg manuscript of Bede's Ecclesiastical History

Sutton Hoo: shoulder clasp

Sutton Hoo: reconstruction of helmet

Sutton Hoo: reconstruction of burial scene

St Anthony's Monastery, Egypt

Monte Cassino

St Benedict cures a leper: 10th-century fresco

An abbot of Monte Cassino: 11th-century manuscript

Walls of Constantinople

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople

Taq-I Kisra palace, Ctesiphon

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

Justinian in the mosaics of San Vitale, Ravenna

Theodora in the mosaics of San Vitale, Ravenna

San Vitale, Ravenna

The Venice Quadriga from the Hippodrome

The interior of the Hagia Sophia

The Carolingians' palace at Ingelheim (reconstruction)

Carolingian soldiers in the St. Gallen Golden Psalter

Lorsch abbey gatehouse

Charlemagne represented as an emperor on a coin

Charlemagne's throne, Aachen

Aachen Cathedral

The Donation of Constantine