What anatomical structure on the dorsum of the tongue is the primordial site of development of the thyroid gland?
B. foramen cecum
At which stage of tooth development does the inner enamel epithelium elongate and differentiate into ameloblasts?
A. bell
According to Bower (1979), a concavity on the furcal aspect is more commonly found on the ____ root of the maxillary first molar?
B. mesiobuccal
Which results from the failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells to separate from the forming root surface
B. enamel pearls
Which are the most numerous lingual papillae?
A. filiform
* Remember FILL
The excretory duct of the submandibular salivary gland is the _____ duct.
B. Wharton's
The ____ artery supplies the medial wall of the maxillary sinus.
C. sphenopalatine
* also known as Nasopalatine
Contraction of the _________ muscle results in ipsilateral lateral excursion of the mandible.
C. temporalis
* remember that Ipsilateral is the same side
Extracellular blood calcium concentration is maintained in part by:
A. parathyroid hormone.
The anterior pituitary produces which hormone?
B. Adrenocorticotropin hormone
* Remember that Posterior ONLY makes Oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)
Which is a bridging species?
A. F. nucleatum
What characterizes the resolution of inflammation by resolvins?
C. Increased neutrophil apoptosis
Which component plays a central role in the invasion of endothelial cells by P. gingivalis?
A. Fimbriae
In the human experimental gingivitis model, development of inflammation in response to plaque accumulation is ________________ in smokers compared to non-smokers.
B. decreased
The appearance of _________ signals the resolution of inflammation.
A. lipoxins
In a 10-year follow-up of full-arch rehabilitation with implants, Francetti et al. (2019) found approximately _________ percent cumulative rate of implants free from peri-implantitis.
B. 87
Temmerman et al. (2019) found there was a __________ cumulative implant survival rate over 5 years for women diagnosed with osteoporosis.
C. 91%
According to Al Harthi et al. (2019), the NHANES data from 2009-2012 indicated that each additional year since quitting smoking decreased the odds ratio for periodontitis by:
C. 3.9%.
What are the predominant cells found in deeper layers of necrotizing gingivitis lesions?
A. Macrophages
Hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to irreversible formation of ______ which have a direct pro- inflammatory and pro-oxidant effect on the cells.
C. advanced glycation end products
According to Canis et al. (1979), which is NOT a mechanism of attachment for calculus?
B. Bacterial penetration
According to the 2017 AAP/EFP World Workshop, separate chronic and aggressive periodontitis classification categories were eliminated due to:
A. overlapping etiologic factors.
The mechanism of action for rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) is inhibition of:
D. activated factor Xa.
For patients being treated for congestive heart failure, a medication with numerous drug interactions and low therapeutic index is:
C. digoxin (Lanoxin®).
An interaction of excitation, rigidity, and hypertension can occur with the intake of meperidine (Demerol®) in patients taking:
B. monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
Which local anesthetic has both ester and amide components and is metabolized in the blood and liver resulting in a shorter half-life?
C. Articaine
Naloxone HCl (Narcan®) can be administered in every way EXCEPT:
A. orally.
The probability that a person with a positive test has the disease is called the:
A. positive predictive value.
According to the 2017 AAP/EFP World Workshop, in the absence of previous radiographic examinations, radiographic bone levels of at least ______ mm apical to the most coronal portion of the intra-osseous part of the implant may be consistent with peri-implantitis.
D. 3
According to 2017 AAP/EFP World Workshop, PD threshold for a successfully treated periodontitis patient should be ≤ ________ mm.
A. 4
Which laboratory value would be altered in a patient taking clopidogrel (Plavix®)?
B. Bleeding time
According to the 2017 AAP/EFP World Workshop, an endo-periodontal lesion with a wide deep pocket at one tooth surface can be classified as grade:
A. 2.
According to the 2018 AAP Best Evidence Review on laser therapy for treating peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, adjunctive laser therapy provided _______________ clinical benefits compared to conventional surgical/non-surgical therapy alone.
C. minimal
According to Ochsenbein (1986), the depth (mm) of a medium crater is:
C. 3-4.
What is the most common site for oral soft tissue metastases?
A. Gingiva
Which describes the clinical appearance of toxic epidermal necrolysis?
B. Diffuse sloughing and ulceration of the skin and mucosa
Which intraoral lesion is most likely to clinically mimic squamous cell carcinoma?
D. Keratoacanthoma
Mild epithelial dysplasia alterations are limited primarily to which layer?
A. Stratum basale
Which syndrome, caused by mutations in the cathepsin C gene, is characterized by severe periodontitis during childhood?
B. Papillon-Lefèvre
Which antibiotic is recommended by the AAP for the treatment of acute periodontal abscesses in patients allergic to beta-lactam drugs?
C. Azithromycin (Zithromax®)
According to the American Diabetes Association, what is the lowest fasting plasma glucose level which would be diagnostic for diabetes mellitus?
B. 126 mg/dL
Osteopenia is defined as a bone mineral density T-score between -1.0 and:
B. -2.5.
What laboratory result would be markedly prolonged in a patient taking warfarin sodium (Coumadin®)?
B. Prothrombin time (PT)
Which is characterized by immunoreactivity along the basement membrane when examined with direct immunofluorescence?
B. Bullous pemphigoid
All of the following are characteristic of patients with Gardner's syndrome EXCEPT:
A. multiple osteoblastomas.
4. Which nerve provides general sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
D. Lingual
The majority of the PDL proprioceptors are located in the _____ third of the alveolus.
C. apical
According to Bower (1979), a furcal concavity is most commonly found on the _____ root of a maxillary first molar.
B. mesiobuccal
Somatostatin is secreted by the _____ cells of the Islets of Langerhans.
D. delta
Which plays a key role in stabilization of the collagen triple helix and serves as a marker for collagen metabolism?
C. Hydroxyproline
_____ hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
C. Antidiuretic
What is the approximate percentage of hydroxyapatite in cementum?
D. 50
Which A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype is generally considered the most virulent?
B. b
The membrane attack complex of the complement system consists of:
A. C5b, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
According to Griffen et al. (2012), the diversity of subgingival bacteria in disease compared to health is:
C. increased.
What causes edema?
D. An increase in vascular permeability
Which organism produces proteases capable of cleaving the Fc region of IgG?
D. P. gingivalis
RANKL and _____ are essential for osteoclast differentiation.
D. macrophage colony-stimulating factor
The transfer of genetic material by infection with a bacteriophage is called:
A. transduction.
The Fab region of an antibody is responsible for:
C. binding to antigens.
A plasmid is a(n):
A. a self-replicating segment of double-stranded DNA.
According to Hajishengallis' hypothesis, the "keystone pathogen" in periodontitis is:
B. P. gingivalis.
An important virulence factor of A. actinomycetemcomitans is:
B. leukotoxin.
Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in saliva?
C. IgA
The minimum concentration of ethanol necessary to kill coronaviruses is _____ %.
A. 70
Which is an orange complex pathogen?
D. P. intermedia
A pro-resolution mediator of inflammation is:
D. lipoxin.
Which is a cell involved in the adaptive immune system?
C. Lymphocyte
Which is an anti-inflammatory mediator?
B. TGF-β
Which is involved in antigen presentation in the gingival epithelium?
C. Langerhans cell
Anaphylaxis is mediated by:
B. IgE.
Darkfield microscopy is used to study:
D. spirochetes.
Mechanisms by which smoking impairs the healing response include all EXCEPT:
A. increased IgA and IgG production.
According to Listgarten (1965), which zone underlies the bacterial zone in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions?
B. Neutrophil rich zone
According to Kim et al. (2008), a minimum interradicular distance of _____ mm was a significant local risk factor for alveolar bone loss in mandibular anterior teeth.
A. 0.8
According to Löe and Brown (1991), the historical prevalence of localized juvenile periodontitis in U.S. adolescents was _____ %.
B. 0.53
25. A predisposing factor for necrotizing periodontal disease is:
A. stress.
The formation of advanced glycation end-products results in _____ collagen solubility and turnover rate.
A. decreased
According to the 2017 EFP/AAP World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, peri-implantitis sites have _____ histologic inflammatory lesions compared to periodontitis sites.
A. larger
According to Wang et al. (1993), restored molars had a _____ prevalence of furcation involvement compared to molars without restorations.
C. higher
According to Arunyanak et al. (2019), patients with a history of severe periodontal disease had a(n) _____ risk of peri-implantitis.
C. increased
According to Genco et al. (1985), what percentage of localized aggressive periodontitis patients manifest defects in neutrophil chemotaxis?
C. 70
Fluconazole (Diflucan®) acts by:
B. inhibiting ergosterol synthesis.
Which is an orally active direct thrombin inhibitor?
A. Dabigatran (Pradaxa®)
The best measure to confirm a patient's respiratory activity is:
B. end-tidal carbon dioxide.
The mechanism of action for chlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex®) is:
A. disruption of cell membrane function.
The _____ of a test is the proportion of subjects with the disease who test positive.
A. sensitivity
According to the 2017 AAP/EFP World Workshop, a patient with generalized interdental clinical attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm combined with masticatory dysfunction would be classified as having stage _____ periodontitis.
D. IV
What laboratory test is used to evaluate the extrinsic coagulation pathway?
C. Prothrombin time (PT)
According to Towfighi et al. (1997), the prevalence of pathologic tooth migration in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis was approximately _____%.
C. 30
According to Temmerman et al. (2011), CBCT imaging detected an intra-osseous vascular canal in the lateral maxillary sinus wall in _____% of examined sites.
D. 50%
According to Gerber et al. (2009), to avoid false positive BOP around healthy implants, the optimal probing force should be _____ the probing force around teeth.
C. less than
A subject with a BMI of 15 is considered:
C. underweight.
A mean PD reduction of approximately _____ mm can be expected following SCRP at sites with an initial PD of 4-6 mm.
A. 1.0
When planning an esthetic crown lengthening procedure, the gingival zenith of the maxillary canine should be _____ to the gingival zenith of the maxillary central incisor.
C. equal
When performing a gingivectomy procedure, healing occurs by _____ intention.
A. secondary
According to Stambaugh et al. (1981), the greatest mean PD of curette efficiency for creating a plaque and calculus-free surface following non-surgical therapy is _____ mm.
D. 3.73
Creeping attachment is defined as the _____ migration of the gingival margin following a soft tissue grafting procedure.
D. coronal
Which infectious disease would most likely present with a strawberry tongue?
C. scarlet fever
Osteoporosis is diagnosed as a bone mineral density T-score below:
B. -2.5.
When detected at oral lichen planus lesions, which virus is associated with an increased likelihood of conversion to squamous cell carcinoma?
A. Human papillomavirus
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is the most severe form of what disease?
A. Erythema multiforme
What is the most common intraoral feature of nevoid basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome?
D. Odontogenic keratocysts
The brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism is histopathologically identical to the:
C. central giant cell granuloma.
A heterogenous group of conditions characterized by the deposition of an extracellular proteinaceous substance is known as:
D. amyloidosis.
According to the 2017 EFP/AAP World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, peri-implantitis sites have _____ histologic inflammatory lesions compared to periodontitis sites.
