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ANTH- Test 1 (2)

  1. What undergoes mitosis?
    Somatic (non-sex) cells undergo mitosis
  2. Functions of mitosis
    • Growth of organisms
    • Maintenance of organs
  3. Homologous chromosomes
    Pair of chromosomes w/ the same sequence of genes (inherit one pair from mother & one from father)
  4. Interphase
    During interphase genes are "active", meaning that genes are being transcribed and proteins are being produced
  5. Order of the meiosis
    Interphase → Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase
  6. Metaphase
    Chromosomes align independently from one another in center of cell
  7. Anaphase
    Centromeres divide
  8. Results of mitosis (3)
    • 1. Two cells are formed, each w/ the diploid chromosome #
    • 2. Both daughter cells are genetically identical w/ parent cell and w/ each other
    • 3. Ultimate function of mitosis: Production of two somatic cells that are genetically identical to parent cell
  9. Ultimate function of mitosis
    Production of two somatic cells that are genetically identical to parent cell
  10. Meiosis
    Sex cells are formed
  11. Function of meiosis
    Production of sex cells for transmission of genetic method from parent to offspring
  12. Recombination
    Physical exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes
  13. Prophase 1
    Homologous chromosomes synapse and recombination occurs
  14. Mataphase 1
    Homologous chromosomes remain aligned; non-homologous pairs of chromosomes align independently from each other in center of cell
  15. Anaphase 1
    Centromeres do not divide
  16. Telophase 1
    Cell divide, and 2 cells are produced
  17. Metaphase 2
    Chromosomes align independently of each other in center of cell
  18. Anaphase 2
    Centromeres divide
  19. Telophase 2
    Cells divide and 4 cells are produced
  20. Results of meiosis (3)
    • 1. Four cells are produced; each cell has the haploid chromosome number
    • 2. Each daughter cell is genetically different from the parent cell and from each other
    • 3. Ultimate function- production of genetically variable sex cells
  21. Ultimate function of meiosis
    production of genetically variable sex cells
  22. Compare results of mitosis and meiosis:

    1) Number of "daughter" cells produced
    2) Number of chromosomes in "daughter" cells
    3) Genetic structure of "daughter" cell compared to parent cell and other "daughter" cells
    4) Functional, ultimate outcome
    • 1.
    • Mitosis: 2
    • Meiosis: 4

    • 2.
    • Mitosis: Diploid
    • Meiosis: Haploid

    • 3. 
    • Mitosis: Identical
    • Meiosis: Different

    • 4.
    • Mitosis: Exact genetic duplication
    • Meiosis: (virtually) infinite genetic variability
Author
GoBroncos
ID
360822
Card Set
ANTH- Test 1 (2)
Description
Updated

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