CWNA

created by a devices addition of electrical current to the signal (such as the transmitter or an amplifier

created by a devices shaping of the signal ( such as an antenna)

the measure of how broad or narrow the focus of an antenna is, measuring both horizontally and vertically.

• radiate rf signal in all direction
• high gain OA vertical signal decreased and horizontal signal incresed
• used in point to multipoint indoor enviroments
• connect multiple buildings
• make usre the gain is high enough to provide coverage

• signal in a specific direction
• short to med distance communication
• can be tilted downward toward area to be covered
• 3 types
• patch panel yagi

• outdoor point to point communication up to one mile
• a central device to provide unidirectional coverage from the ap to the client
• 180 degree of horizontal beamwidth or less
• prove coverage for long halways

• support a vey narrow range of frequencies
• length of elements vary according to the wavelength of different frequencies
• used for short to medium distance point to point comunications up to 2 miles

• point to point communications
• network bridging between 2 buildings
• focused narrow beamwidth
• highly affected by wind
• types parabolic dish, grid

small digital satelite antenna

• similar to barbecue with curves inward
• the space between depends on the frequency
• grid attenna in windy enviroments

• is multiple attenas that are onnected to a single processor
• processor feeds individual antennas
• transmit multiple beamwidths to mult users
• expensive

• high gain semidirectional antenna
• pie shaped coverage pattern
• installed in middle of area and placked back to back to eachother
• together provide omnidirectional coverage

• footballshaped area between two p2p antennas
• no object to encroach more than 40% of fresnel zone
• 1st zone 0 to 90 degrees out of phase
• 2nd zone 90 to 270" "
• 3rd 270 to 450 " "

• 7 mies an issue
• tree problems and mountains

• is the direction the electric field and is the same as the the physial attitude if the antenna
• p2p bridge polarization is imporant

• helps to mitigate the effects of multipath
• not used concurrently

• improve signal quality
• uses multiple antennae concurrently

• omnidirectional antennas
• places in the center of the coverage area
• low gain provide broader vertical coverage
• high gain much flatter coverage

• directional
• know both vertical and horizontal beamwidths
• if to strong its a security risk

aesthetics and security

preventive and diagonistic

• change to impedandces to an AC signal
• signal from cables to the antenna

ratio between voltage of the reflected wave and the voltage of the incdent antenna.

cables, connectors, splitters, amplifier, attenuators, lighting arrestors