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what is HIV 1?
- pandemic disease caused by infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)
- it is slow, progressive, and often lethal
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where is HIV-2 isolated?
west africa and europe and north america
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how is HIV-1 transmitted?
- body fluids
- blood and blood borne products
- perinatal
- postnatally
- sexual
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who are high risk individuals for HIV-1?
- IV drug users
- recipients of blood transfusions
- HIV infected organs
- infants
- unsafe sex
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what is the core genetic material in HIV 1?
RNA
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what does HIV 1 bind to in a target cell once it has entered the host?
- CD4 + of
- t cells
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
- macrophages
- certain neurons and glial cells
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at what point in the life cycle of HIV 1 is the infection established?
once the viral DNA enters the hosts nucleous
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what is category 1 of HIV-1?
greater than or equal to 500 count of cd4 + lymphocytes/mm3
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what is category 2 of HIV-1?
200-499 count of cd4 + lymphocytes/mm3
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what is category 3 for HIV-1?
less than 200 count of cd4 +lymphocytes/mm3
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what is category A in HIV-1?
asymptomatic
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what is category B in HIV-1?
symptomatic
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what is catgory C in HIV 1?
AIDS indicator conditions
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AIDS indicator conditions
- cervical cancer
- cytomegalovirus disease
- cytomegalovirus retinitis
- herpes simplex; chronic ulcers
- kaposi's sarcoma
- lymphoma
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
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what is the incubation period for HIV-1?
ranges from time of infection to more than 15 years
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what is the acute seroconversion syndrome of HIV?
the initial infection
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what are the usual symptoms of the initial infection of HIV 1 after exposure?
- flu-like symptoms
- fever
- lymphadenopathy
- pharyngitis
- fatigue
- muscle pain
- skin rash
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what are the 3 stages of the HIV disease?
- early HIV-1 stage
- intermediate HIV 1 stage
- late stage disease; AIDS
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what are the symptoms of early stage HIV?
- dermatologic lesions
- oral lesions are more common in later stages
- aphthous ulcers
- herpes simplex labialis
- hairy leukoplakia
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what are the symptoms for intermediate stage of HIV-1?
- skin and oral lesions
- recurrent herpes simplex, varicella zoster, fever, weight loss
- candidiasis
- myalggias
- headaches
- fatigue
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what are symptoms of late stage disease of HIV-1 AIDS?
- opportunistic infections more often and severe
- wasting syndrome; long-term fever, sever weight loss, anemia, chronic diarrhea, and chronic weakness
- encephalopathy; dysfunction with sypmtoms of apathy, inability to concentrate, poor memory, and depression
- neoplasms; kaposi's sarcoma, primary B cell lymphoma of brain, non hodgkins lymphoma
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what are the extraoral manifestations of HIV-1?
- lymphadenopathy
- skin lesions
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what are the intraoral manifestations of HIV-1?
- fungal infections: candidiasis
- viral infections: herpes simplex
- bacterial infections: gingival, periodontal
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how is HIV 1 transmitted in children?
- pernatal
- breast fed
- infected blood
- sexual abuse
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what are the clinical manifestations of HIV-1 in children?
- faster incubation and latent period-months to several years after birth
- diagnosis- based on blood screenings
- systemic findings-disorders to nearly every body organ system
- oral lesions
- more frequent bacterial infections
- frequently found conditions
- failure to thrive, slow development
- generalized lymphadenopathy
- hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
- chronic pneumonitis
- progressive encephalpothy
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what are some oral findings that indicate HIV-1 in children?
- oral lesions
- candidiasis
- herpetic gingivostomatitis
- apthous ulcers
- hairy leukoplakia
- linear gingival erythema
- NUG
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