PSY socialpsykologi 5

The generation of favorable or unfavorable reactions to the content of a persuasive appeal.

A model of persuasion that claims that attitude change occurs through either a peripheral route or a central route that involves elaboration, and that the extent of elaboration depends on motivation and capacity.

Dealing with the negative emotions aroused by threats or stressors, often by suppressing emotions or distraction.

The theory that feelings of empathic concern lead to a motive to help someone in need for his or her own sake.

The process by which positive or negative attitudes are formed or changed by association with other positively or negatively valued objects.

A relationship in which people offer rewards in order to receive benefits in return.

A research design in which researchers randomly assign participants to different groups and manipulate one or more independent variables.

The attitude that people openly and deliberately express about an attitude object in self-report or by behavior. 570

The extent to which research results can be generalized to other appropriate people, times, and settings.

The tendency to overestimate others’ agreement with one’s own opinions, characteristics, and behaviors.

Research that takes place outside the laboratory.

Indirectly measures the activation levels of specific brain regions.

A technique for increasing compliance with a large request by first asking people to go along with a smaller request, engaging selfperception processes.

A theory holding that any frustration–defined as the blocking of an important goal–inevitably triggers aggression.

A theory that person and situation factors influence people’s cognition, emotions, and arousal, which in turn influence interpretations of the situation and decisions about aggression.

The process by which a group’s initial average position becomes more extreme following group interaction.

The cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes that occur as individuals join and leave groups.

Group decision making that is impaired by the drive to reach consensus regardless of how the consensus is formed.

A repeated behavior automatically triggered in a particular situation.

Aggression that is driven by anger due to insult, disrespect, or other threats to self-esteem or social identity.

Change in behavior that occurs to reduce the dissonance caused by freely choosing to publicly advocate a behavior that one does not actually perform oneself.

A person’s sense of what he or she would ideally like to be.

A perceived association between two characteristics that are not actually related.

A plan to carry out a specific goal-directed behavior in a specific situation.

Automatic and uncontrollable positive or negative evaluation of an attitude object.

Alternatives to self-report measures, such as priming measures or the IAT, which are based on difficult-to-control aspect of people’s performance, such as their response speed or accuracy.

The way an attitude contributes to connectedness by smoothing interactions and relationships.

A concrete manipulation or measurement of a construct that is thought to cause other constructs.

The strategy of individual escape, either physical or psychological, from a stigmatized group.

Those in which people are particularly likely to think of themselves as separate from other people and to define themselves in terms of their uniqueness.