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Attitude.
A mental representation that summarizes an individual’s evaluation of a particular person, group, thing, action, or idea.
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Attitude change.
The process by which attitudes form and change by the association of positive or negative information with the attitude object.
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Authoritarian personality.
Based on Freudian ideas, people who are prejudiced because they cannot accept their own hostility, believe uncritically in the legitimacy of authority, and see their own inadequacies in others.
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Automatic.
Refers to processes that operate spontaneously (without the perceiver’s deliberate intent) and often efficiently and without awareness.
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BIRG
- (Bask In Reflected Glory).
- A way of boosting self-esteem by identifying oneself with the accomplishments or good qualities of fellow in-group members.
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Bystander effect.
The finding that the presence of more bystanders consistently decreases the likelihood of any one person giving help.
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Causal attribution.
A judgment about the cause of a behavior or other event. 568
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Classical conditioning.
A form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus, when paired with a stimulus that elicits an emotion or other response, itself comes to generate that response.
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Close relationship.
A relationship involving strong and frequent interdependence in many domains of life.
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Coalition formation.
When two or more parties pool their resources to obtain a mutual goal they probably could not achieve alone.
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Cognitive dissonance.
An unpleasant state caused by people’s awareness of inconsistency among important beliefs, attitudes, or actions.
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Cognitive processes.
The ways in which our memories, perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and motives influence our understanding of the world and guide our actions
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Collectivist cultures.
Those in which people tend to think of themselves as linked to others, and to define themselves in terms of their relationships to others.
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