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How many bones are there in the adult human skeleton?
206
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Name the two major divisions of the human skelton.
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
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How many bones comprise the Axial Skeleton?
80 bones
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What are the main components of the Axial Skeleton?
- Skull-22
- Auditory Ossicles-6
- Hyoid Bone-1
- Sternum-1
- Ribs-24
- Vertebral Column-26
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What are the two major divisions of the Skull bones?
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Name the bones that make up the Cranium.
- Frontal -1
- Parietal-2
- Temporal-2
- Occipital-1
- Ethmoid-1
- Sphenoid-1
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Name the bones that make up the Auditory Ossicles.
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How many ribs make up the human rib cage?
24 total (12 ribs on each side)
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What are the major divisions of the Ribs?
- True Ribs-16 (1-7)
- False Ribs-6 (8-10)
- Floating Ribs-4 (11-12)
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true ribs:
- Ribs 1-7 (14)
- Attached anteriorly to costal cartilages
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false ribs:
- Ribs 8-12 (5 pairs)-10
- Ribs attached either indirectly to the sternum or not attached to the sternum at all.
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floating ribs:
- Ribs (11-12)-4
- Two most inferior sets of ribs that do not attach to any structures at their anterior ends.
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Name the parts of the sternum.
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
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Name the major divisions of the Vertebral Column.
- Cervical-7
- Thoracic-12
- Lumbar-5
- Sacral-1
- Coccyx-1
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C1:
- Cervical vertebra 1 = Atlas
- Articulates with the occipital condyle and supports head
- Has no spinous process and allows for nodding motion
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C2:
- Cervical vertebra 2 = Axis
- The vertically oriented dens process permits rotation of the head
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thoracic vertebrae:
- Attached to ribs
- Less moveable than cervical vertebrae
- Stronger than cervical vertebrae
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What are the functions of the spinal curvatures?
- Provide shock absorption
- Assist with balance
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lordotic curve:
- Convex/anterior curvatures of the spinal column.
- Cervical & Lumbar segments
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kyphotic curve:
- Concave/posterior curvatures of the spinal column.
- Thoracic & Sacral segments
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How many bones comprise the Appendicular Skeleton?
126 bones
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Name the major divisions of the Appendicular Skeleton.
- Shoulder Girdle
- Upper Limbs
- Pelvic Girdle
- Lower Limbs
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List the bones of the Shoulder Girdle.
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How many muscles are attached to the scapula?
16 muscles
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What is the name of the structure where the scapula meets the humerus?
glenoid cavity
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Name the two scapular processes that are directed laterally toward the head of the humerus.
- Acromion-anterior
- Coracoid Process-posterior
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Which of the scapular makings is the site for anterior muscle attachments?
coracoid process
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What are the major divisions of the Upper Limb?
- Arm-1
- Forearm-2
- Wrist-8
- Hand-19
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Name the carpal bones in the proximal row.
- Stop Letting Those People
- Scaphoid-boatlike (70% carpal fx's just this bone)
- Lunate-moon-shaped
- Triquetrum-three cornered
- Pisiform-pea-shaped
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Name the carpal bones in the distal row.
- Touch The Cadaver's Hand
- Trapezium-four-sided (no two sides parallel)
- Trapezoid-four-sided (two sides parallel)
- Capitate-head-shaped
- Hamate-hooked
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carpal tunnel:
- The concavity formed by the pisiform and hamate, and the scaphoid and trapezium.
- The median nerve and flexor tendons of the digits and thumb pass through this space.
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Name the divisions of the hand bones.
- Metacarpals-5/hand
- Phalanges-14/fingers
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metacarpus:
- palm
- Intermediate region of the hand
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Name the three regions of the metacarpal bones.
- base-proximal end
- body-intermediate
- head-distal
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knuckles:
heads of metacarpals
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Number the metacarpals.
- I-thumb
- II-index finger
- III-middle finger
- IV-ring finger
- V-pinky
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Name the bones of the Pelvic Girdle.
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Name the parts of the hip bone.
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List the skeletal system pathologies covered by this lecture.
- Fractures
- Osteoporosis
- Postural Deviations
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Name 5 common types of fracture.
- Partial-not all the way through
- Complete-all the way through
- Compound-breaks the skin; open
- Stress-hairline crack; common in athletes
- Other-Compression, Oblique, Transverse
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osteoporosis:
- A condition of porous bones.
- Bone resorption outpaces deposition due, most often, to a depletion of calcium.
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List three common postural deviations.
- Scoliosis-lateral deviation
- Kyphosis-exagerated posterior deviation
- Lordosis-exagerated anterior deviation
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