Lymphatic System

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries composed of water and some solutes

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

Carries fluid in one direction from tissues to circulatory system; join to form lymphatic vessels

resemble small veins where lymphatic capillaries join one way valves

where lymphatic vessels from right upper limb and right head, neck, chest empties into right subclavian vein

rest of body empties from lymphatic vessels empties into left subclavian vein

3 tonsils that form a protective ring of lymphatic tissue around nasal and oral cavities

This is where lymph passes through before entering the blood; located near lymphatic vessels, groin, armpit, and neck.

size of a clenched fist; located in abdomen; filters blood; detect and respond to foreign substances; destroys old red blood cells; blood reservoir

(spleen) lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries

(spleen) contains macrophages and red blood cells that connect to veins

produces and matures lymphocytes; bilobed gland; located in mediastinum behind the sternum

The thymus gland stops growing at age ____ and at age ____ decreases in size.

This is the ability to resist damage from foreign substances.

Type of immunity that is present at birth.

first line of defense; skin and mucous membranes to act as barriers; tears, saliva, urine wash away pathogens

Innate immunity is accomplished by _______________, ______________, ________, ______________

These are chemicals that can kill microbes and prevent their entry into cell.

chemical mediator found in tears and saliva to kill bacteria

chemical mediator that prevents entry of microbes

chemical mediators that promote inflammation by causing vasodilation

proteins that protect against viral infections by stimulating surrounding cells to produce antiviral proteins

produced in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue that fight foreign substances

ingest and destroy foreign substances (e.g. neutrophils and macrophages)

first to respond to infection but die quickly

produced in red bone marrow; release chemicals to produce inflammation

made in red bone marrow; leave blood and enter infected tissues; can release histamine

initially were monocytes; leave blood and enter tissues; can ingest more than neutrophils; protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen and liver; also found in uninfected tissues

Macrophages in liver

Macrophages in lungs

Macrophages in CNS

made in red bone marrow; found in skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract; can release leukotrienes

type of lymphocyte produced in red bone marrow; recognize classes of cells such as tumor cells or virus infected cells; release chemicals to lysis cells

This is defense that involves specific recognition to a specific antigen. This immunity is acquired after birth and reacts when innate defenses don't work; uses lymphocytes (B and T cells)

substance that stimulates an immune response (e.g. bacteria, virus, pollen, food, drugs)

molecule produced by the person’s body that stimulates an immune system response

proteins the body produces in response to an antigen

give rise to all blood cells; give rise to some pre T cells and pre B cells

type of white blood cell; involved in adaptive immunity; developed from stem cells; differentiated into B or T cells

type of lymphocyte that leads to production of antibodies; matures in red bone marrow and move to lymphatic tissue after mature

type of lymphocyte that matures in thymus gland; moves to  lymphatic tissue after mature; involved in cell-mediated immunity primarily and antibody-mediated immunity

proteins secreted by a cell that regulates neighboring cells (e.g. interleukin 1 released by macrophages stimulates helper T cells)

Lymphocytes give rise to 2 types of immune responses:  ___________________ and _____________

type of immunity effective against antigens in body fluids (blood and lymph); effective against bacteria, viruses, toxins; uses B cells to produce antibodies; involved in certain allergic reactions

site on antibody where antigen binds

number of antigen-binding sites on antibody

What are the 5 classes of immunoglobulins used to destroy antigens?

type of antibody that is 80 to 85% in serum; activates compliment and increases phagocytosis; can cross the placenta and provide protection to the fetus; responsible for Rh reactions, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn

type of antibody that is 15% in serum; secreted into saliva, into tears, and onto mucous membranes; protects body surfaces; found in colostrum and milk to provide immune protection to the newborn

type of antibody that is 0.002% in serum; binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates the inflammatory response

type of antibody that is 5 to 10% in serum; activates compliment; acts as an antigen binding receptor on the surface of B cells; responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood system; often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen

type of antibody that is 0. 2% in serum; functions as an antigen-binding receptor on B cells

_______________ is used against antigens in cells and tissues. This uses different types of T cells and involved with some allergic reactions.

type of T cell that activate macrophages; help form B cells; promote production of Tc or cytotoxic T cells

type of T cell that is the precursor to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

type of T cell that destroys antigen on contact

type of T cell that turns off immune system response when antigen is gone