AnaPhy Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity (Antibody- Mediated Immunity - Immunotherapy)

Exposure of the body to an antibody can lead to the activation of B cells and the production of antigens
True False

Effective against extracellular antigens, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins; Involved in certain allergic reactions

Proteins produced in response to an antigen

Antibodies are __-shaped molecules consisting of __________ chains: __ identical ___ chains and ___ identical ___ chains.

2 regions of an Antibody

Antibody region that combines with the antigen; Bind to epitopes of antigen using antigen-binding sites

Antibody region that can activate complement, or it can attach the antibody to cells; Each class of immunoglobulin has the same structure

Antibodies are sometimes called ____ because they are found mostly in this part of plasma

Antibodies are also called ____ because they are globulin proteins involved in immunity

5 general classes of antibodies

Site of antibody where antigen binds

Number of antigen-binding sites on antibody

Total Serum Antibody (%) of IgG

A) 5-10
B) 0.002
C) 15
D) 80-85

Total Serum Antibody (%) of IgM

A) 0.002
B) 80-85
C) 0.2
D) 5-10

Total Serum Antibody (%) of IgA

A) 15
B) 0.2
C) 5-10
D) 0.002

Total Serum Antibody (%) of IgE

A) 0.2
B) 15
C) 0.002
D) 80-85

Total Serum Antibody (%) of IgD

A) 15
B) 0.2
C) 80-85
D) 5-10

Antibody that activates complement and increases phagocytosis

Antibody that can cross the placenta and provide immune protection to the fetus and newborn

Antibody responsible for Rh reactions, such as hemolytic disease of the newborn

Antibody that activates compliment and acts as an antigen-binding receptor on the surface of B cells

Antibody responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood system

Antibody often produced first in response to an antigen

Antibody secreted into saliva, into tears, and onto mucous membranes to protect body surfaces

Antibody found in colostrum and milk to provide immune protection to the newborn

Antibody that binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates the inflammatory response

Antibody that functions as an antigen-binding receptor on B cells

Effects of Antibodies

The production of antibodies after the first exposure to an antigen is different from that following a second or subsequent exposure
True False

Results from the first exposure of a B cell to an antigen; B cell undergoes several divisions to form plasma cells and memory B cells

Responsible for the secondary response

Occurs when the immune system is exposed to an antigen against which it has already produced a primary response

Why does the secondary response provide better protection that the primary response?

Identify the part of the Antibody: A

Identify the part of the Antibody: B

Identify the part of the Antibody: C

Identify the part of the Antibody: D

Identify the part of the Antibody: E

Identify the part of the Antibody: F

Identify the part of the Antibody: G

Is a function of cytotoxic T cells and is most effective against microorganisms that live inside body cells; Involved with some allergic reactions, the control of tumors, and graft rejection

Activate macrophages; Help form B cells; Promote production of Cytotoxic T cells

Precursor to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

Destroys antigen on contact

Turn off immune system response when antigen is gone

2 Types of Acquired Immunity

2 types of Naturally Acquired Immunity:

2 types of Artificially Acquired Immunity:

4 types of Adaptive Immunity

Results when an individual is exposed to an antigen (either naturally or artificially) and the response of the individual's own immune system is the cause of the immunity

Occurs when another person or an animal develops immunity and the immunity is transferred to a nonimmune individual

Acquired immunity that results from natural exposure to an antigen; Can be lifelong immunity

Acquired immunity that results when antibodies are transferred from a mother to her child across the placenta before birth

Acquired immunity that results when an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate the immune system; Vaccination

Usually consists of part of a pathogen, either a dead microorganism or a live, altered one

Preferred method of acquiring adaptive immunity

Acquired immunity that involves the collection of antibodies from one source and introducing them to an infected individual, usually through injection; Provides immediate protection because the antibodies either directly or indirectly destroy the antigen

Preferred treatment when not enough time is available for the individual to develop his or her own active immunity

A disease in which tissues and cells are damaged by the immune system

Treats disease by altering immune system function or by directly attacking harmful cells