AnaPhy Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity (Immunity)

Is the ability to resist damage from foreign substances; Protect against microbes, toxins, and cancer cells

Types of Immunity

Recognize and destroy pathogens, but response is the same each time the body is exposed

Recognize and destroy pathogens, response improves each time the pathogen is encountered

2 subdivisions of Adaptive immunity

Antibody-mediated immunity involves ____

Cell-mediated immunity involves _____

Is the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance

Is the ability of adaptive immunity to "remember" previous encounters with a particular substance

Innate immunity mechanisms

Prevent pathogens and chemicals from entering the body

2 ways physical barriers prevent pathogens and chemicals from entering the body:

Chemicals that destroy pathogens or prevent their entry into the cells

Promote inflammation by causing vasodilation

Found in tears and saliva that kills certain bacteria

Prevents the entry of some pathogens/microbes

Is a group of more than 20 proteins found in blood plasma; Once activated, it promotes inflammation and phagocytosis and can directly lyse (rupture) bacterial cells

Are proteins that protect against viral infections by stimulating neighboring cells to produce antiviral proteins

Produced in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue that fight foreign substances

Is the ingestion and destruction of particles by cells called phagocytes

Small phagocytic white blood cells first to respond to infection; Often die after phagocytizing a single microorganism

Initially monocytes; Usually appear in infected tissues after neutrophils; Responsible for most of the phagocytic activity in the late stages of an infection

Macrophages in the lungs

Microphages in the liver

Microphages in the Central Nervous System

Are motile white blood cells derived from red bone marrow that leave blood and enter infected tissues; Can release histamine

Are nonmotile cells in connective tissue made in the red bone marrow; Found in skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract that can release leukotrienes

____ and ____ cells can be activated through innate immunity by complement, or through adaptive immunity

Produced in the red bone marrow; Release chemicals to reduce inflammation associated with allergies and asthma

Type of lymphocyte produced in the red bone marrow; Do not exhibit a memory response; Release chemicals that cause cells to lyse (rupture)

Involves chemical and cells due to injury; Signaled by the presence of foreign substance; Stimulates release of chemical mediators

An inflammatory response that is generally distributed throughout the body

Chemicals released by microorganisms, neutrophils, and other cells that stimulate fever production

An inflammatory response that is confined to a specific area of the body

Substances that stimulate adaptive immune responses

Introduced from outside the body; Antigens that produce an overreaction of the immune system

Molecule produced by body that stimulates an immune system response

Results when self-antigens stimulate unwanted destruction of normal tissue

Autoimmune disease that destroys tissue within joints

T cells that produce the effects of cell-mediated immunity

T cells that promote or inhibit the activities of both antibody-mediated immunity and cell-mediated immunity

Cells in red bone marrow that are capable of giving rise to all the blood cells

Two events that must occur for the adaptive immune response to be effective:

Adaptive immunity occurs when ____

Are glycoproteins that contain binding sites for antigens; Hold and present a processed antigen on the surface of the cell membrane; Bind to antigen receptor on B or T cells and stimulate response

Proteins or peptides secreted by one cell as a regulator of neighboring cells

Arrange the proper order of Lymphocyte Proliferation

1. Helper T cells are needed to produce B cells
2. After antigen is processed and present to helper T cells, helper T cell produces interleukin-2 and interleukin-2 receptors
3. B cells produce antibodies
4. Interleukin-2 binds to receptors and stimulates more helper T cells production

A) 1-3-2-4
B) 2-1-3-4
C) 2-4-1-3
D) 3-1-2-4