1) directs immediate responses to stimuli, 2) coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, 3) provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions
context: 12 organ systems (players and functions)
endocrine system
major organs:
1) pituitary gland, 2) thyroid gland, 3) pancreas, 4) adrenal glands, 5) gonads (testes and ovaries), 6) endocrine tissues in other systems
functions:
1) directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, 2) adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body, 3) controls many structural and functional changes during development
context: 12 organ systems (players and functions)
cardiovascular system
major organs:
1) heart, 2) blood, 3) blood vessels
functions:
1) distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, 2) distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature
context: 12 organ systems (players and functions)
lymphatic system
1) delivers air to alveoli (sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs), 2) provides oxygen to bloodstream, 3) removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream, 4) produces sounds for communication
context: 12 organ systems (players and functions)
digestive system
1) processes and digests food, 2) absorbs and conserves water, 3) absorbs nutrients (ions, water, and the breakdown products of dietary sugars, proteins, and fats, 4) stores energy reserves
context: 12 organ systems (players and functions)
urinary system
1) excretes waste products from the blood, 2) controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced, 3) stores urine prior to voluntary elimination, 4) regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
context: 12 organ systems (players and functions)
male reproductive system
1) produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones, 2) supports developing embryo from conception to delivery, 3) provides milk to nourish newborn infant
context: superficial anatomy
anatomical position
hands are at your side, palms facing forward, feet together
context: anatomical position
List 2 types of anatomical position
1) supine
2) prone
context: 2 types of anatomical positions
supine position
person laying down face up in the anatomical position
REMEMBER: you are hold bowls of SOUP so your palms should be facing up.
context: 2 types of anatomical positions
prone position
person laying down face down in the anatomical position
REMEMBER: you are POURING those bowls of SOUP, so palms face down. (ouch don't burn yourself).
only TESTED if APPEARS in both picture and table!!!!!
4 abdominopelvic quadrants
9 abdominopelvic regions
context: anatomical Directions
List 13 anatomical directions
1) anterior
2) ventral
3) posterior or dorsal
4) cranial or cephalic
5) superior
6) caudal
7) inferior
8) medial
9) lateral
10) proximal
11) distal
12) superficial
13) deep
context: 13 anatomical directions
anterior
the front; before
ex: the navel is on the anterior surface of the trunk
context: 13 anatomical directions
ventral
the belly side (equivalent to anterior when referring to human body)
ex: the navel is on the ventral surface of the trunk
context: 13 anatomical directions
posterior or dorsal
the back; behind
ex: the shoulder blade is located posterior to the rib cage
context: 13 anatomical directions
cranial or cephalic
the head
ex: the cranial, or cephalic, border of the pelvis is on the side toward the head rather than toward the thigh
context: 13 anatomical directions
superior
above; at a higher level (in human body, toward the head)
ex: in humans, the cranial border of the pelvis is superior to the thigh
context: 13 anatomical directions
caudal
the tail (coccyx in humans)
ex: the hips are caudal to the waist
context: 13 anatomical directions
inferior
below; at a lower level
ex: the knees are inferior to the hips
context: 13 anatomical directions
medial
toward the body's longitudinal axis; toward the midsagittal plane
ex: the medial surfaces of the thighs may be in contact; moving medially from the arm across the chest surface brings you to the sternum
context: 13 anatomical directions
lateral
away from the body's longitudinal axis; away from the midsagittal plane
ex: the thigh articulates with the lateral surface of the pelvis; moving laterally from the nose brings you to the cheeks
context: 13 anatomical directions
proximal
toward an attached base
ex: the thigh is proximal to the foot; moving proximally from the wrist brings you to the elbow
context: 13 anatomical directions
distal
away from an attached base
ex: the fingers are distal to the wrist; moving distally from the elbow brings you to the wrist
context: 13 anatomical directions
superficial
at, near, or relatively close to the body surface
ex: the skin is superficial to underlying structures
context: 13 anatomical directions
deep
farther from the body surface
the bone of the thigh is deep to the surrounding skeletal muscles
(oh em gee, why are the examples mostly about the thighs and the pelvis ... what's going on with the author ....)
context: planes and sections
List the 3 planes (no ... not airplanes)
1) transverse
2) frontal/ coronal
3) sagittal
context: planes and sections
transverse plane
lies at right angles to the long axis of the body; dividing it into superior and inferior portions
- Cut in this plane is referred to as cross section
context: planes and sections
frontal or coronal plane
parallel to long axis of body extending from side to side; divides body into anterior and posterior portions
context: planes and sections
sagittal plane
parallel to long axis of body and extending from front to back; divides body into left and right portions
-Cut along midline is midsagittal section; cut parallel to midsagittal line is parasagittal section
define body cavities
internal chambers in which many vital organs are suspended
2 main functions of body cavities
1) Protect delicate organs (brain, spinal cord) from accidental shocks and cushions them (from bumps when we walk, run, jump)
2) Permit significant changes in the size and shape of internal organs; lungs, stomach urinary bladder can all expand or contract without distorting surrounding tissues or organs
context: body cavities
Ventral body cavity = ?
hint: 2 primary subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
1) Thoracic cavity + 2) Abdominopelvic cavity
Separated by diaphragm
context: 2 primary subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
thoracic cavity
contains:
1) Left & right pleural cavities - Lungs (left and right)
2) Mediastinum
3) heart (Pericardial cavity)
context: 2 primary subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
contains:
1) Abdominal cavity = Liver, stomach, spleen, small intestine, most of large intestine + Peritoneal cavity: within dominal (the red outline!!) Chamber lined by serous membrane called peritoneum.**kidneys & pancreas are retroperitoneal (not within the peritoneal cavity part (so outside of the read outline!!!)
2) Pelvic cavity = Distal portion of large intestine, urinary bladder, reproductive organs