Anaphy Blood

type of connective tissue consisting of
a (1) plasma and (2) formed elements.

○ is the liquid matrix.
○ 55% of the total blood volume.

○ cells and cell fragments.
○ 45% of the total blood volume.

liquid part of blood

is a liquid containing
suspended substances that do not settle out of solution.

Most of the suspended substances are
___ proteins, which make up about 7% of the volume of plasma.

plasma proteins can be classified into
three groups:

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for blood components

Partly responsible for blood viscosity and osmotic pressure; acts as a buffer; transports fatty acids, free bilirubin,
and thyroid hormones

Protect tissues from damage by inflammation

Transport iron (transferrin); transport lipids (beta-lipoproteins), especially cholesterol in low-density lipoproteins; involved with immunity

Functions in blood clotting

Source of energy and basic “building blocks” of more complex molecules

Breakdown product of red blood cells; excreted as part of the bile from the liver into the small intestine

End product of anaerobic respiration; converted to glucose by the liver

Necessary for aerobic respiration; terminal electron acceptor in electron-transport chain

makes up 58% of the plasma proteins.

account for 38% of the plasma proteins which function in transporting many substances
in the blood as well as protecting against microorganisms.

plasma without the clotting factors.

Plasma Proteins according to molecular
size:

make up about 95% of the volume of the formed elements which carries and transports o2 and co2

process of blood cell production.

All the formed elements of the blood
are derived from a single population of
stem cells called ____

is an example of a hormone, secreted by endocrine cells of the kidneys, that stimulates myeloid stem cells to develop into red blood cells.

Red Blood Cells can move on their own
True False

Shape of a red blood cell

○ is the pigmented protein (main
component) of the red blood cell.

2nd Stage, derived from Hemocytoblast

Derived from myeloid Stem Cell

derived from Lymphoid stem cell

occurs when red blood cells rupture and the hemoglobin is released into the plasma.

___ will happen if hemoglobin will be released in the plasma as the molecule changes shape in this new environment.

a complex protein consisting of four subunits. Each subunit is composed of one polypeptide chain and one heme group.

Each polypeptide chain is called a ___, which is bound to __, a red-pigment molecule containing one iron atom

There are three forms of hemoglobin:

Oxygenated form of hemoglobin

Hemoglobin containing no oxygen

Oxyhemoglobin is colored___

Deoxyhemoglobin is colored____

○ Hemoglobin + CO2
○ Transports carbon dioxide;

a relatively stable compound of hemoglobin

__ is produced by the incomplete combustion of gasoline, binds very strongly to the iron of hemoglobin.

a disorder in which red blood cells
become sickle-shaped.

When will the red bone marrow produce red blood cell?

process by which new red blood cells
are produced.

-rose from myeloid stem cells, derived from hemocytoblasts.
-produce red blood cells

regulates red blood cell production.

Normal blood volume of male 
Normal blood volume of female

What will happen if rbc would die?

fluid secreted from the liver into the
small intestine.

yellowish staining of the skin and the sclera of the eyes caused by a buildup of bile pigments in the blood and some tissues.

Also known as leukocytes, form a thin,
white layer of cells between the
plasma and the red blood cells.

White blood cells with large cytoplasmic granules and
lobed nuclei.

Have granules, but so small that they cannot be
seen easily with the light microscope.

Three Types of Granulocytes

Two types of agranulocytes:

produce basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

produce monocyte

produce platelet

give rise to lymphocytes

Three characteristics allow white blood
cells to carry out their function of
protection:

-type of movement that allows whiteblood cells to have a more directed movement
- like an amoeba

ability of WBCs to leave the blood and
enter other tissues.

Attraction of WBCs to foreign materials
or dead cells within the tissue.

accumulation of dead white blood cells
and bacteria, along with fluid and cell
debris.

THE FIVE TYPES OF WBCs:

the first line of defense; first WBCs to
respond to infection.

class of enzymes which are capable of
destroying certain bacteria.

are important in the defense against
certain worm parasites.

Increase in number in tissue when experiencing inflammation, such as during allergic reactions

Releases histamine, which promotes inflammation, and
heparin, which prevents clot formation

Produces antibodies and other chemicals responsible for
destroying microorganisms; contributes to allergic reactions,

Phagocytic cell in the blood; leaves the blood and becomes a
macrophage

Type of Lymphocyte that is stimulated by bacteria or
toxins to divide and form cells that produce antibodies

type of lymphocyte protect against viruses and other intracellular microorganisms by attacking and destroying the cells in which they are found.

Platelets are also called__

the cessation of bleeding.

Hemostasis involves three processes:

the immediate but temporary constriction
of a blood vessel.

accumulation of platelets that can seal
small breaks in blood vessels.

low oxygen level in blood

Low oxygen levels of tissues

___ is called when platelets stick ti exposed collagen in damaged blood vessel wall

occurs when fibrinogen receptors on activated platelets bind to fibrinogen, connecting the platelets to one another. The accumulating mass of platelets forms a platelet plug.

protein that forms the fibrous network
of the blood clot.

is required for the formation of many of the factors involved in blood clot formation.

prevent unwanted clotting.

Examples of anticoagulants in the blood:

a plasma protein produced by the liver,
slowly inactivates thrombin.

-convert the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen to the insoluble protein fibrin.

converts the soluble plasma protein prothrombin to the
enzyme thrombin.

○ a prostaglandin derivative produced by
endothelial cells.
○ It counteracts the effects of thrombin
by causing vasodilation and inhibiting
the release of clotting factors from
platelets

a plasma protein produced by the liver,
slowly inactivates thrombin.

a process whereby the blood clot condenses into a denser, compact structure.

process that dissolves the blood clot

the transfer of blood or blood components from one individual to another.

introduction of a fluid other than blood, such as a saline or glucose solution, into the blood.

The system is used to categorize human blood based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

determines the ABO and Rh blood
groups of the blood sample.

Two possible antigen:

Order of Coagulation:

Essential to the formation of hemoglobin is the mineral___

A ___ is attached to the blood vessel wall, while ___ floats within the blood circulation

Universal Donor

Universal Receiver