Rh Blood System 8.5

A substance that stimulates production of an agglutinin

a substance that will agglutinate an agglutinogen

this term is synonymous with agglutinogen

the ability of an antigen to stimulate an antibody.

a rare Rh phenotype in which no Rh antigens are expressed on the RBC.

an antigen composed of several subunits.

a reagent source of antibody

thought to prevent another gene from functioning.

a phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with red cells carrying a double dose of antigens (homozygous genes) than with red cells carrying a single dose of antigen (heterozygous).

the location of two or more genes on the same chromosome of a homologous pair.

the location of two or more genes on opposite chromosomes of a homologous pair.

condition in which an antibody from the mother's serum crosses the placental barrier and attacks fetal cells.

commercially produced and purified IgG class Anti-D.

listing of antigens observed on RBC surface.

listing of the genes present on the person's chromosome.

broad term applied to D antigens that give weak reactions with anti-D

antibody formed after exposure to a foreign antigen.

this system is second in importance to ABO system.

this is when D antigen present on red blood cell

this is when D antigen is not present on red blood cell

RBC's lacking what antigen does not have anti-D in serum.

what are two means of formation of antibody through exposure.

what percent of Rh = people if transfused with Rh + blood can develop anti-D.

what percent of Rh = women who are pregnant with Rh + fetus will develop anti-D if not protected with RhIg.

hemolytic transfusion reaction and death can occur if exposed to what antigen a second time?

patients and donors are tested for what Rh antigen?

Rh negative patients should receive what type of blood?

Rh antibodies are first identified by what type of test?

Rh antibodies are what class and react at what temperature?

after exposure to Rh, antibodies are initially ____ and transition to ____.

Rh system is known to contain nearly ___ antigens.

how many Rh antigens are of major importance?

the five major Rh antigens account for what percent of clinical work?

Normal D antigen that occurs in Rh positive people is thought to be composed of how many subunits forming a mosaic?

what are the subunits of D?

this is when all subunits of D are absent from RBC.

how is a missing D subunit indicated?

a person lacking a subunit of the D mosaic may for ______ against the missing subunit.

what are the five Rh antigens?

what are the two means of immunization to Rh antigens?

this Rh antibody is rarely encountered as a single antibody.

what is the second most frequently encountered antibody in the Rh system?

what is the most common antibody in the Rh system?

which Rh antibody is rare because the majority of the population has the e antigen?

which type of nomenclature is referred to as CDE notation?

Fischer-Race notation describes _____ and _______.

this Rh nomenclautre uses numbers to describe antigens.

this Rh nomenclature uses a six diget number for each authenticated blood group specificity.

convert 'D' from fisher race to rosenfield and ISBT.

convert 'C' from fisher race to rosenfield and ISBT.

convert 'E' from fisher race to rosenfield and ISBT.

convert 'c' from fisher race to rosenfield and ISBT.

convert 'e' from fisher race to rosenfield and ISBT.

this is the theory that Rh antigens are produced by three sets allelic genes.

how many sets of three alleles are inherited from each parent?

Rh is inherited as ___ genetic alleles closely linked.

the C gene is allelic to what gene?

the E gene is allelic to what gene?

allelic Rh pairs exhibit what dominance?

what antigens are prsent on the RBC from the genotype CDE/cde?

write R¹ in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write R² in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write R^o in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write R^z in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write r in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write r' in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write r' in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write r" in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

write r^y in agglutinogen and fischer-race notation.

these are the Rh system antigens on a person's RBC.

how is Rh phenotype determined?

what does a positive reaction with antisera indicate?

what does a negative reaction with antisera indicate?

true or false.
phenotype does not always indicate the exact Rh genotype.
True False

this aides in the statistical guess of possible genotype.

what are the four applications of Rh phenotype/genotype?

what percents of the white and black population have the D antigen (Rh1)?

what percents of the white and black population have the C antigen (Rh2)?

what percents of the white and black population have the E antigen (Rh3)?

what percents of the white and black population have the c antigen (Rh4)?

what percents of the white and black population have the e antigen (Rh5)?

what are the four variants of the Rh system?

this is an inherited condition where D antigen is present but few in number.

50% of weak D people have this type of weak D, making it the most common form.

when is weak D detected?

this is when the normal D gene is not fully express causing less D antigen.

position effect weak D is caused why what?

G antigen is caused by a gene complex of what two genes?

anti-G may be produced by _________.

what are the four compound/hybrid antigens?

this is four antigens that are produced when corresponding gense present in same gene complex.

R1 gene complex produces what antigens?

each 3-gene complex produces ____ compound Rh antigen.

true or false
Anti-Ce will react with C and e antigen
True False

this is when RBC's lack only have D antigen present in increased quantity.

this is when RBC lacks C, c, E, and e antigens.

what is the genotype notation of super D?

this is the genotype of cell which lack E and e antigens.

the Rh_null phenotype occurs in 1 out of how many people?

what is the Rh_null Genotype?

this is a very rare condition where RBCs lack all Rh antigen.

what are the two causes of Rh_null?

Rh antibodies are normally what class?

Rh antibodies are detected durring what IAT phase?

agglutinated RBC's in 37^oC/LISS phase show what reaction in AHG?

antibody to antigen reactivity in Rh can be enhanced by _______ treatment.

Rh antibodies are capable of what two disease states?

what is the most immunogenic antigen outside of the ABO system?

circulating antibodies in the Rh system appear within ____ days after initial exposure, ____ days after secondary exposure

presence or absence of D antigen is determined by testing the RBC with what?

agglutination on Rh testing indicates what?

No agglutination indicates what on Rh testing?

D negative cells are subject to what?

what are the four common reagents used in Rh testing?

what size test tubes should be used for Rh testing?

what is the ratio for anti-D and Rh control to cell suspension?

a + anti-D and = Rh control indicates what Rh type?

a = anti-D and = Rh contol indicates what Rh type?

a = anti-D and + Rh control indicates what Rh type?

a + anti-D and + Rh control indicates what Rh type?

true or false
for weak D testing two negative tubes from Rh testing should be incubated for 15 min without LISS
True False

for weak D testing what should be added to the tubes?

if Weak D testing is negative macrosopically how should it be confirmed?

a positive reaction on weak D testing indicates what?

negative reaction macro and micro with positive check cells indicates what?

a positive reaction on any Rh control tube indicates what?

what is the expected result on Rh control?

this is used to enhance lab processing?

a cell suspension that is too heavy will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

cold agglutinins will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

test incubated too long will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

rouleaux will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

fibrin interference will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

contaminating low-incidence antibody in reagent will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

polyagglutination will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

bacterial contamination of reagent vial will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

incorrect reagent selected will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

immunoglobulin coated cells (in-vivo) will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

saline-suspended cells will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

failrue to follow manufacturer's directions precisely will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

omission of reagent will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

resuspension too vigorous will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

incorrect reagent selected will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

variant antigens will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?

reagent deterioration will cause what type of false result in Rh testing?