A&P Chapter 1:

Study of life

(cutting open ) internal and esternal structures and thier physical relationships

Study of functions

Study of individual cells

Study of tissues

Study of microorganisms

Atom, molecule, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

Smallest stable unit of matter

Combination of atoms

Simplest units of life

Groups of cells working together to do similar functions

• 1. Epithelial
• 2. Connective tissue
• 3. Muscle tissue
• 4. Neural (nervous) tissues

2 or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions

Coordination of organs there are eleven organ systems

Example human body

Balance and stability maintained in the internal enviorment. He human body must maintain a constant state of homeostatsis

Effector which eliminates or opposes the stimulus. It is the more common form of regulation to maintain homeostatsis

Effectors will increase wih the precence of the stimulus ex blood clotting and blood clotting factors

• 1- standing
• 2- palms face forward
• 3- arms down to the side
• 4- body facing forward

Lie face down

Lie face up

Front

Back

Middle

Side

Near

Far

Surface

Farther from body surface

Top

Bottom

Neck

Sole of foot

Chest

Upper back

Area of back between ribs and hips

Palm

Area overlaying sacrum

Armpit

Pelvis (griddle)

Upper arm

Forearm

Groin

Tail

Head

Thight

Bum bum

Shin

Calf

Body trunk inferior to ribs

The point of the shoulder

Cheek

Wrist

Hip

Fingers or toes

Thigh

Forehead

Great toe

Breast

Hand

Chin

Nose

Mouth

Boney eye socket

Kneecap region

Foot

Pelvis region

Thumb

Genital region

Breast bone

Ankle

Navel

Heel of the foot

Back

Back of the head base of scull

Back of elbow

Ear

Region between the anus and the external genetalia

Back of knee

Region between the hips overlaying the sacrum v above the butt crack

Shoulder blade area

Area of the spinal column

• Sagittal
• Midsagittal
• Frontal
• Transverse

Vertical plane cut seperates lesft from right

Central vertical plane cut separayes left from right

Vertical plane cut separates front from back

Cross section separaye top from bottom (cut is perpendicular to the spine)

Dorsal which includes cranial which contains the brain and vertebral which contains the spine. Then there is the ventral cavity which contains the toratic and the abdominopelvic cavity

Has the pleural cavities which hold the lungs and the mediastinum cavitiy houses the large blood vessels of the hear the heart the pericardium the thymus trachea an the esophagus it also has the percardial cavity which holds the heart

Holds the abdominal cavity which houses the digestive organs and the glands and the pelvic cavity which contains a urinary bladder reproductive organs and the recrum

• Menings
• Serous- visceral,parietal, and mesenteries

Found in dorsal cavity, dura mater , arachnoid and pia mater

Found in ventral cavitie and they secrete fluid

Membrane closest to organs

Membrane further from the organ

Double layer serous membrane which sandwich blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to and from organs. They stabalize and support organs of the abdominal cavity

Behind the peritoneal linings of the abdominal cavity this is where the kidneys and pancreas are located

9 sections that the abdominopelvic cavity is divided into

• Right hypochondriac region
• Epigastric region
• Left hypochondriac region
• Right lumbar region
• umbilical region
• Left lumbar regon
• Right iliac (inguinal) region
• Hypogastric (pubic) region
• Leftbiliac (inguinal) region