Connects the spinal cord to the brain; Contains nuclei involved in vital body functions; Damage to small areas can cause death
Brainstem
The first two cranial nerves are located in the Cerebellum
False
The first two cranial nerves are located in the brainstem
Contains ascending and descending nerve tracts which conveys signals to and from other regions of the brain; Most inferior portion of the brainstem
Medulla Oblongata
Functional bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum; resembles an arched footbridge
Pons
Smallest region of the brainstem; Its dorsal part has four colliculi which are involved in visual and auditory reflexes
Midbrain
Group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem
Reticular formation
Involved in regulating cyclical motor functions, such as respiration, walking, and chewing
Reticular formation
Plays an important role in arousing and maintaining consciousness and in regulating the sleep-wake cycle
Reticular activating system
Attached to the brainstem by cerebellar peduncles; Means little brain; controls balance, muscle tone, and coordination of fine motor
Cerebellum
Located between the brainstem and cerebrum
Diencephalon
Main components of the Diencephalon
1. Thalamus
2. Epithalamus
3. Hypothalamus
Largest portion of the Diencephalon; Influences mood and detects pain
Thalamus
Small area superior and posterior to the thalamus; Emotional and visceral response to odors
Epithalamus
Most inferior part of the Diencephalon; Controls pituitary gland and is connected to it by infundibulum; Controls homeostasis, body temperature, thirst, hunger, fear, rage, and sexual emotions
Hypothalamus
Extends from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
Infundibulum
Largest part of the brain; Divided into left and right hemispheres by a longitudinal fissure
Cerebrum
Composed of gray matter; surface of the cerebrum; controls thinking, communicating, remembering, understanding, and initiates involuntary movements
Cerebral Cortex
Folds on cerebral cortex that increases surface area
Gyri
Shallow indentions
Sulci
Deep indentions
Fissure
Controls right side of the body; Responsible for math, analytic, and speech
Left hemisphere
Controls left side of the body; Responsible for music, art, and abstract ideas
Right hemisphere
Connection between the two hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Location: Front
Function: Controls voluntary motor functions, aggression, motivation, mood, and smell
Frontal lobe
Location: Top
Function: Evaluates sensory input such as touch, pain, pressure, temperature, and taste
Parietal Lobe
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus
Location: Back
Function: Vision
Occipital lobe
Location: Sides
Function: Hearing, smell, and memory
Temporal lobe
Most of the temporal lobe is separated from the rest of the cerebrum by the ____.
Lateral fissure
Located deep within the lateral fissure and is often referred to as the fifth lobe, involved in the perception of taste
