This connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain
brainstem
What consists a brainstem
medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
The ___________ is the most inferior portion of the brainstem and is continuous with the spinal cord. It contains discrete nuclei with specific functions, such as regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter, breathing,
swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, balance, and coordination.
medulla oblongata
Immediately superior to the medulla oblongata is the _________, some of the nuclei in the pons relay information
between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Other nuclei in this portion, control functions such as chewing and salivation.
pons
The __________, just superior to the pons, is the smallest region of the brainstem. The dorsal part of the midbrain consists of four mounds called the colliculi. It also consists a black nuclear mass, called the substantia nigra.
midbrain
TRUE or FALSE
The two superior colliculi are involved in visual reflexes and receive touch and auditory input. Turning the head toward a tap on the shoulder, a sudden loud noise, or a bright flash of light is a reflex controlled in the superior colliculi
true
Scattered throughout the brainstem is a group of nuclei collectively called the
reticular formation
The reticular formation is a major component of the ___________, which plays an important role in arousing and maintaining consciousness and in regulating the sleep-wake cycle
reticular activating system
Also called as the little brain is attached to the brainstem by several large connections called cerebellar peduncles
cerebellum
The _______ is the part of the brain between the brainstem and the cerebrum. Its main components are the thalamus, the epithalamus, and the hypothalamus.
diencephalon
The __________ is by far the largest part of the diencephalon. It consists of a cluster of nuclei and is shaped somewhat
like a yo-yo, with two large, lateral parts connected in the center by a small interthalamic adhesion
thalamus
The ___________ is a small area
superior and posterior to the thalamus. It consists of a few small nuclei, which are involved in the emotional and visceral response to odors, and the pineal gland.
epithalamus
The _________ is an endocrine gland that may influence
the onset of puberty and may play a role in controlling some long-term cycles that are influenced by the light-dark cycle.
pineal gland
The _______ is the most inferior part of the diencephalon; it contains several small nuclei that are very important in maintaining homeostasis and this plays a major role in controlling the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
The ______ is the largest part of the brain. It is divided into left and right hemispheres by a longitudinal fissure.
cerebrum
TRUE or FALSE
The cerebrum is divided by left and right hemispheres, the most conspicuous features on the surface of each hemisphere are numerous folds called gyri and intervening grooves called sulci. The gyri greatly increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex.
TRUE
The _______ lobe is important in the control of voluntary motor functions, motivation, aggression, mood, and olfactory (smell) reception.
frontal
The _______ lobe is the principal center for receiving and consciously perceiving most sensory information, such as touch, pain, temperature, and balance.
parietal
The ______ lobe functions in receiving and perceiving visual input and is not distinctly separate from the other lobes
occipital
The ______________ involved in olfactory (smell) and auditory (hearing) sensations and plays an important role in memory
temporal lobe
TRUE or FALSE
The frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the central sulcus. WHILE most of the temporal lobe is separated from the rest of the cerebrum by the lateral fissure, and deep within the fissure is the insula, often referred to as the fifth lobe.
