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what are the general characteristics of herpesvirus disease, I-VII
- latent, recurrent, malignant
- reactivation
- opportunistic in AIDS
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regarding HHV1, when antibodies are produced for this disease, do they guarantee immunity to recurent herpes or other herpes infections?
no
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When does the primary herpes simplex virus type 1 usually occur?
in children, but may occur at any age
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__________________can serve as a reservoir for the herpes simplex virus.
sulcular epithelium
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where is anti HSV present?
in the gingival sulcus fluid
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what can happen during the dental or dental hygiene appointment that may bring about herpetic recurrence?
trauma to the oral cavity
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describe the primary infection of HHV1 herpetic gingivostomatits
it may be mild and isolated to marginal and attached gingiva
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describe the full blown herpetic gingovostomatitis of HHV1
presents with widespread oral ulcers that also may involve the pharyngeal areas
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what are the most frequent manifestations of HHV1 when clinical disease is evident?
gingivostomatitis and pharyngitis
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what are the symptoms of HHV1?
- fever
- malaise
- inability to eat
- lymphadenopathy for 2-7 days
- painful oral vesicular lesions may occur on the gingiva, mucosa, tongue, and lips
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describe a subclinical carrier of HHV1
- reactivation from the trigeminal ganglia may be followed by asymptomatic excretion of the viruses in the saliva.
- reactivation may also lead to herpetic ulcerations of the lip, or cold sore
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what is herpes labialis? and what type of virus causes it?
- cold sores, leisures, or blisters
- caused by HSV1 or HSV2
-
herpes labialis are usually recurrent lesions, what triggers these recurrances?
- stress
- sunlight
- illness
- trauma
- dental appointment
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what is prodrome?
a burning or slight stinging sensation with a slight swelling as a forewarning before the local lesion of herpes labialis appears
-
where do herpes labialis appear?
- at the vermillion border of lower lip
- intraorally
-
what are 4 characteristics of herpes labialis?
- group of vesicles that form and eventually rupture
- crusting follows, and healing may take up to 10 days
- the lesions are infectious so they can spread to other people, or other areas on the pt
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what is herpetic whitlow?
- HHV1type
- herpes simplex infection of the fingers that results from the virus entering through minor skin abrasions. usually around the finger nail where cracks occur
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how is herpetic whitlow transmitted?
- HSV1 or HSV2 recurren infection
- direct contact with a vesicular lesion on pts lip, or with saliva that contains theses viruses
- autoinfection from a lip or intraoral herpetic lesion is possible while nail biting
-
what are the best ways to prevent herpetic whitlow?
- following standard precautions
- because of standard precautions, this type of infection is nearly extinct anyways
-
what is ocular herpes?
- HHV1 type
- herpes simplex in the eyes, and can be primary or recurrent of HSV1 or HSV2
-
How is ocular herpes transmitted?
- splashing saliva or fluid from a vesicular lesion directly into an unprotected eye
- extension of infection from a facial lesion
- invection of an infant's eye in utero or during birth
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what are symptoms of ocular herpes?
- fever, pain, blurring of vision, swelling, excess tears, and secondary bacterial infection
- herpes keratoconjunctivitis can cause deep inflammation and when left untreated, is a leading cause of loss of sight
-
what is the best way to prevent ocular herpes?
- standard precautions
- eye protection
-
what type of herpes is genital herpes?
HHV2 (HSV2)
-
what must you do if a pt has HSV2?
- check pt history
- postpone appointment if they have it, because it can be contagious even in the prodrome stage, and irritation to any of the lesions can increase the severity of the infection
-
what is used to treat HHV2?
acyclovir
-
what is HHV3?
varicella-zoster virus (VZV) chicken pox
-
describe the chicken pox
- it is highly contagious
- can be transmitted directly or indirectly
-
describe the disease process of chicken pox
- primarily a disease of children
- it can be life threatening to children who are immunocompromised
- if this infection is introduced to the fetus it can cause congenital malformations
-
how is HHV3 characterized?
- by a maculopapular rash that becomes vesicular in a few days, and then scabs
- oral lesions may occur and spread into the upper respiratory tract
- if the itchy, crusted lesions of the skin are scratched, a secondary bacterial infection can result
-
what is the name of the recurrent infection of chicken pox? or HHV3?
shingles
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chicken pox leaves a lasting immunity, but the VZV remains latent in the______________.
dorsal root ganglia
-
what are some causes of reactivation for HHV3?
- immunosupression
- drug therapy
- HIV infection
- advanced neoplastic disease
-
describe the disease process of shingles disease
- localized unilateral eruptions associated with the nerve endings of the area innervated by the infected sensory nerves
- intraoral lesions may occur when the second division of the trigeminal nerve is involved
-
what is the ebstein barr virus?
- (EBV)
- HHV4
- infectious mononucleosis
-
who does EBV usually infect? what is it's nickname because of this?
- teeangers and young adults
- kissing virus
-
what are some sypmtoms of HBV?
fever, lympadenopathy, sore throat
-
what is Hairy leucoplakia?
- HHV4
- EBV replicates
- associated with AIDS
- tongue lesions
-
-
who is usually affected by cytomegalovirus?
- neonatal
- childhood problems
-
how is cytomegalovirus usually transmitted?
- excreted
- blood transfusion
- post transplant
- respiratory droplet
- sexual
-
describe cytomegalovirus infection in adults
- it is rare
- reactivated from before
- a serious complication of AIDS
-
what are some ways to prevent cytomegalovirus?
- personal hygiene
- standard precautions
- check seropositivity before surgeries
-
what is herpes lymphotrophic virus? (HLV)
- HHV6
- a widespread childhood infection that depresses the immune system
- shows a high temperature and rash
- it has a latent form and can be reactivated
-
describe HHV7
- human herpes virus 7
- prevalent in general populations
- reactivation is common in immunocomprimised people
- gingival tissue may serve as a reservoir for this infection in healthy and diseased tissue
-
describe HHV8
- kaposi's sarcoma related virus (KSRV)
- it is considered an AIDS defining lesion
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