Transport: gases, nutrients,and waste products, processed molecule, and regulatory molecules.
Regulate: pH and osmosis
Maintenance of body temperature.
Protection against substances.
Clot formation
Blood is a type of connective tissue. TRUE or FALSE
True
The plasma accounts for slightly more than half of the total blood. 55% Formed elements account for slightly less than half . 45%TRUE or FALSE
True
Total blood volume of female and male.
4-5 L - female
5-6 L - male
A pale yellow fluid that consist of 91% water, 7% proteins and 2% other components, such as ions, nutrients,gase, waste products, and regulatory substances.
Plasma
Plasma contains disolved
proteins.
The plasma proteins:
Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogens
A plasma protein that helps keep in water balance.
Albumin
Activation of clotting factors results in the conversion of fibrinogen to ...
fibrin
Acts as a solvent and suspending medium for blood components
water
Main osmotic pressure (albumin), destroy foreign substances (antibodies and complement), transport molecules (albumin and globulins) and form clots (fibrinogen).
What is meant by the statement above?
Proteins
Most abundant of formed elements?
Red blood cell (erythrocytes)
White blood cells or
leukocytes
Platelets or
Thrombocytes
_________ are 700 times more numerous than leukocytes and 17 times more numerous than thrombocytes.
RBC or erythrocytes
What are the formed elements of the blood?
RBC
WBC
Platelets
The process that produces formed elements.
Hematopoiesis
*Be mindful of the spelling*
True or False
In fetus hematopoiesis is confined in the red bone marrow, but some leukocytes are produced in the lymphatic tissue.
False
In a fetus hematopoiesis could occur in several tissues, since they are still developing. However in adults hematopoiesis occurs at the red bone marrow and some in the lymphatic tissues.
Hematopoietic stem cells also called...
hemocytoblast
Hemocytoblast give rise to 2 types of intermediate stem cells:
1.myeloid stem cell - where most formed elements are derived from.
2.lymphoid - give rise to lymphocytes, a type lf white blood cell
The shape of a red blood cell.
Disk shape with edges that are thicker than the center of the cell.
TRUE or FALSE
The structure of an erythrocytes is important to it's function.
True.Why?
1.Thee biconcave shape of rbc (erythrocytes) increases the cell's surface area,thereby allowing gases to move into and out of the surface of the cell more rapidly.
TRUE or FALSE
RBC can bend and fold around thin centers.
True.
Thereby decreasing in size and passing more easily through small vessels.
In what blood vessel does gases enter and leave RBCs?
Small blood vessels called capillaries.
*Blood,blood vessels,and heart discussion are interconnected.*
TRUE or FALSE
During their development erythrocytes lose their nuclei and most of their organelles.
True
Responsible for the cell's red color.
Hemoglobin
O² enters the erythrocytes and binds to the
hemoglobin
CO² enters the blood and binds to the...
globin part of the hemoglobin
Each hemoglobin molecule consists of how many protein chains and heme groups?
4 protein chains
4 heme group
Each protein chain is called
globin
a red pigment MOLECULE
heme
Bright red : hemoglobin bound to O²
__________: hemoglobin without bound to O²
Dark red
TRUE or FALSE
Females need more dietary iron than males do because females lose iron as a result of menstruation.
True
The process of cell division that produces new red blood cell requires the ________ and _______.
B vitamins and B¹² (Cobalamin)
Red blood cell production are stimulated by the oxygen level. TRUE or FALSE
True.
Basically the rbc hematopoiesis depends on the oxygen level. Low blood o², low rbc. Low rbc low blood o².
COMPREHEND!What happens when the blood oxygen level is low?
*This was mentioned in the lecture class.*
When blood O² levels are low, the liver releases a glycoprotein ERYTHROPOIETIN, which stimulates the RED BONE MARROW to produce more RBC.
This is a negative feedback process:when blood O² levels ⬇️: erythropoietin ⬆️
What happens to old, damage, or abnormal blood?
They get to be removed by the macrophages located in the spleen and liver. And then after that hemoglobin is broken down for recycling.
The yellow pigment molecule from the breakdown of the heme group.
Bilirubin
This causes the abnormal condition of jaundice if stored in the tissue.
It could also contribute to the brown color of the feces (after it has been converted into pigments),also with the yellow color of the urine.
Spherical cells that lack hemoglobin.Makes up the buffy coat when blood components are separated.
Leukocytes or WBC
TRUE or FALSE
WBCs are larger than RBCs
True. Each has a nucleus.
2 functions of WBC:
1. protect the body against invading microorganisms and other pathogens
2.remove dead cells and debris from tissues by phagocytosis
Types of WBCs:
Granulocytes - large cytoplasmic granules
Agranulocytes - very small granules that cannot be seen easily with the light microscope
A GRANULOCYTES is a type of WBC with 3 sub types mainly:
Neutrophils- the most common type. Stains with both acidic and basic dyes. They remain in the blood for a short time and then phagocytize.
Basophils - least common.Release histamine and other chemicals that promotes inflammation. They also release heparin which prevents formation of clots. (blue or purple)
Eosinophils - stains bright red with eosin and acidic stain. Often involved in inflammatory responses associated with allergies and asthma.
Two kinds of AGRANULOCYTES:
Lymphocytes - smallest of the wbcs. Consist of only a thin sometimes imperceptible ring around the nucleus.
Monocytes- largest of the wbcs. They enlarge and become macrophages after leaving the blood and enter the tissue.
