Anaphy (Senses)

Is an unpleasant perceptual and emotional experience

Localized Pain are;

Diffuse Pain are;

Receptors over large part of the body that sense touch, pressure, pain, temperature and itch

provide information about body and environment

provide information about internal organs

Special senses are;

anesthesia where action potentials are suppressed from pain, receptrs in local areas

anesthesia where you'll experience loss of consciousness

ability to perceive stimuli

conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory

sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli by developing action potentials

detects light touch and pressure

detect light touch

- deep in epidermis
-localizing tactile sensations

-deep tactile receptors 
-detects continuous pressure in skin

-deepest receptors 
-associated with tendons and joints 
-detect deep pressure, vibration and position

5 Types of Receptors

In Olfactory/Olfaction, receptors are located in the ___ and ____

Olfaction is the sense of ____

Originates in a region that is not source of pain

sensory structures that detect taste

Each taste buds are how many taste cells?

protects from sweat

protects from foreign objects

thin membrane that covers inner surface of eyelid

is an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by an infection or other irritation.

is innervated by parasympathetic
fibers from the facial nerve (VII). The gland produces tears

excess tears are collected in the medial corner of the
eye by the ________.

the means by which the brain receives
information about the environment and
the body.

process initiated by stimulating sensory receptors

conscious awareness of sensation
stimuli

sensory nerve endings or specialized
cells capable of responding to stimuli by developing action potentials

General Senses Include,

Simplest and most common types of
sensory receptors

More complex than free nerve endings

Types of Touch Receptors

Types of Pain:

where action potentials are relayed by inte neurons that synapse with olfactory neurons.

area where each
olfactory tract terminates; involved in both conscious perception of smell and visceral and emotional reactions linked to odors.

Neuronal Pathways for Taste

inflammation of the
conjunctiva.

-Produces tears
- Consists of lacrimal gland in superior lateral corner of orbit and
nasolacrimal duct in inferior medial
corner of orbit.

o Help move eyeball
o Each eyeball has __ eye
muscle

o Outermost tunic of the eye

▪ firm, white outer part
▪ Helps maintain eye shape,
provide attachment sites,
protects internal structures.

▪ Transparent structure that covers iris and pupil
▪ Permits light to enter, focuses light (focusing system of the eye)

Parts of Fibrous Tunic Layer

Middle tunic that contains blood
supply

Black part (melanin),delivers O2 and nutrients to retina.

Helps hold lens in place
(contains ciliary muscles that attach to suspensory ligaments)

-Flexible, transparent disc
▪ Focuses light onto retina

▪ Colored part
▪ Surrounds and regulates pupil

Center of iris; regulates
amount of light entering

What happens to the pupil if lots of light will enter?

What happens to the pupil if little light will enter?

Parts of Vascular Tunic

Innermost tunic, consist of retina.

Covers posterior 5/6 of eye

2 Layers of Retina

Photoreceptors that are sensitive to
light

-Photo receptors provide color vision
-Blue, green and red

Posterior Region of Retina:

small spot near the center of posterior retina

center of macula where light is most focused when looking directly at an object; only cones; ability to discriminate fine images

white spot medial to macula; blind spot of the eye

Chambers of the Eye

- Chamber of the eye between cornea and lens
- Filled with aqueous humor (watery
liquid)

-Chamber of the eye Behind anterior chamber
- Filled with aqueous humor (watery
liquid)

- Chamber of the eye In retina region- - Filled with vitreous humor (jelly-like
substance)

helps maintain pressure, refracts light, provide nutrients to inner surface of eye.

helps maintain pressure, holds lens and retina in place, refracts light; does not circulate (unlike aqueous humor).

The Retina allows light into the eye
True False

Light refraction and image focusing
are two important processes in
establishing vision.
True False

Bending of light is also called?

• Point where light rays converge
• Occurs anterior to retina
• Object is inverted

Shape of lens becomes less rounded,
and image can be focused on retina

Yellow pigment in rhodopsin

Colorless protein in rhodopsin

Photosensitive pigment in rod cells

difficulty seeing in dim light caused by vitamin A deficiency

– separation of sensory retina from pigmented retina;
can also cause night blindness.

• Nearsightedness
• Image is in front of retina

• Farsightedness
• Image is behind retina

• Gradual loss of eyes’ ability to focus on
nearby objects
• Lens becomes less elastic

• Double vision
• Misalignment of the two eyes due to
weakness of the muscles

• Irregular curvature of lens or cornea
• Glasses or contacts required to correct

• Absence or deficient cones
• Primarily in males

• Increased pressure in eye
• Can lead to blindness

Clouding or opacity of crystalline lens that leads to blurring of vision and
eventually loss of sight

- Part of ear extending from the outside of head to the tympanic membrane
(eardrum)

– fleshy part of external ear

– canal that leads to eardrum

eardrum; thin membrane that separates external from
the middle ear.

Part of ear; Air filled chamber with ossicles

bone attached to tympanic membrane

Part of External Earbone that connects

bone that connects malleus to stapes

bone located at base of oval window

separates middle and inner ear

opens into pharynx; equalizes air pressure
between outside air and middle ear

Part of ear; Set of fluid filled chambers

– tunnels filled with fluid

3 regions in Inner Ear

part of inner ear; inside bony labyrinth; filled with endolymph

part of inner ear; clear fluid in membranous labyrinth

part of inner ear; fluid between membranous
and bony labyrinth

snail-like shaped structure where hearing takes place; has three channels

wall of membranous labyrinth that lines scala vestibuli

part of inner ear; wall of membranous labyrinth that lines scala tympani

found in cochlear duct; contains hair cells

in cochlea; vibrates against hair cells

Channels of Cochlea

Channels of cochlea where it extends from oval window to
apex of cochlea; filled with perilymph

- Channel of cochlea, Extend in parallel; filled with perilymph

Formed by the space between vestibular and basilar membrane;
filled with endolymph

associated with vestibule; evaluates position of head relative
to gravity

associated with semicircular canals; evaluates changes in
direction and rate of head movement

inner ear; contains utricle and saccule

specialized patches of epithelium in utricle and saccule surrounded by
endolymph; contain hair cells

gelatinous substance that moves in response to gravity; attached to hair cell microvilli which initiate action potentials.

– involved in dynamic equilibrium; sense movement of any
direction.

base of semicircular canal

specialized epithelium

ridge of epithelium in crista withgelatinous mass; contains microvilli; float thatis displaced by endolymph movement withinsemicircular canals.