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how do you calculate allele frequency
p + q = 1
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what is the frequency of the dominant allele
p
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what is the frequency of the recessive allele
q
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how do you calculate genotype frequency
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
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what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant
p²
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what is the frequency of heterozygous
2pq
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what is the frequency of the homozygous recessive
q²
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what should u always remember with hardy weinberg theory questions
work with the homozygous recessive individuals first
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populations have genetic equilibrium, what happens with allele and genotype frequencies. what type of population is this
they are similar allele and genotype frequencies generation after generation. a stable population.
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what are 5 conditions that support hardy weinberg, what kind of population is this?
large populations, random mating, no mutations, no migration, no disease/equal fertility/equal mating ability. stable population.
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when populations are evolving, what happens with the allele and genotype frequencies in relation to the environment?
conditions in environment change over time which contributes to changes in allele and genotype frequencies
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what are 5 conditions that do not support hardy weinberg, what kind of populaton is this?
mutations, migration, non-random mating, small populations, natural selection. evolving population so allele and genotype frequencies change.
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sickle cell anemia mutation example
heterozygous for sickle cell anemia seem to have a selective advantage in their resistance to malaria
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what is another term for migration and what occurs
gene flow, it is immigration and emigration
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what are 3 reasons why small populations occur (evolving populations)
genetic drift, founder effect, bottleneck effect
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genetic drift
an allele disappears randomly
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founder effect
the population leaves and starts a new population elsewhere
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bottleneck effect
sharp reduction in population size due to an event such as drought, floods, etc.
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