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Population (def. and aspects)
- individuals of same species living in same space at certain time;
- name of species, area species is found, time period that pop. study occurs
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Community
all species in given area
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ecosystem
includes biotic and abiotic components of an area
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Interspecific Competition
between diff. species
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Intraspecific Competition
between same species
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Ecological Niche
organism's job
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Population Dispersion (3 types and how to distinguish them)
- Clumped - grouped together ex: schools of fish
- Random - not common, no definite locations ex: trees in tropical rainforest
- Uniform - competition, distributed consistently ex: desert, penguins
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Closed Population (where, graph, what factors occur, what type of growth)
- in a lab, immigration and emigration do not occur, exponential growth, J shaped curve
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Open Population (where, graph, what factors occur, what type of growth)
- nature, all 4 factors occur, logistic growth, S-Shaped, Sigmoidal Curve
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what graph is this
exponential growth, closed population growth curve, J shaped curve
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what graph is this
logistic growth, open population growth curve, sigmoidal curve
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Exponential Growth (and what can limit it)
- pop. increases over a fixed time period and resources are unlimited
- - the limit is biotic potential
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what is biotic potential, what are the ideal conditions and what is it regulated by
- the ability to reproduce at a typical rate for a species
- - food and space being available
- 1. offspring
- 2. capacity for survival
- 3. procreation
- 4. maturity
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Environmental Resistance
factors that limit pop. growth
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carrying capacity (K)
max # of individuals an environment can support
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Density Dependent
biotic affects biotic - in relation to factors affecting ΔN
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Density Independent
Abiotic affects Biotic - in relation to factors affecting ΔN
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Minimum Viable Population
smallest # of individuals needed for population to continue, model for at risk species, population recovery
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Law of the Minimum
resource is shortest supply is the limiting factor
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Shelford's Law of Tolerance
organism grows between limits of abiotic factors (such as temp. or pH), the greater the range that means the more likely it is to survive
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K selected population - what kind of curve and age info (maturation, lifespan time, mortality rate)
- S shaped Growth curve
- - long maturation, long lifespan, low mortality rate
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K selected population - offspring #, how many reproductions, what age of 1st reproduction, how big are offspring, how much parental care, examples
- - few offspring, several reproductions, late age @ 1st reproduction, large offspring, extensive parental care
- ex: bears, humans, palm trees, coconut trees
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r Selected population -what kind of curve and age info (maturation, lifespan time, mortality rate)
- J - shaped Growth Curve
- - short maturation, short lifespan, high mortality rate
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r Selected population - offspring #, how many reproductions, what age of 1st reproduction, how big are offspring, how much parental care, examples
- - many offspring, one reproduction, early age @ 1st reproduction, small offspring, no parental care
- ex: insects, dandelions
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per capita growth rate modified formula
cgr = (Pend - Pstart) / Pstart
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growth rate modified formula
gr = (Pend - Pstart) / T2- T1
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