-
Where in Timbergen's table do Hormones and Neurobiology belong?
Proximate - Causation (mechanism)
-
What is a hormone
A chemical messenger that can affect distant organs
-
Types of hormones
- Steroid hormones
- Monoamines
- Peptide hormones
-
Hormones are made in the
Endocrine system
-
Key components of the endocrine system
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid
- Adrenal glands
- Pancreas
- Testes/Ovaries
-
Example of a negative feedback system
Female menstrual cycle (most of the time)
-
Example of positive feedback system
Labour induction
-
Key hormones in labour induction
-
Sexual differentiation
Developmental process that produces sex differences in morphology and behaviour
-
Organizational effects are (timespan)
Permanent
-
Activational effects are (timespan)
Transient
-
Of organizational, or activational effects. Which act in early life?
Organizational
-
In voles, more vasopressin receptors is associated with
- Monogamy
- Parental care
- Mate guarding
-
Precocious development
Maturing early
-
Which hormone causes precocious development in bees
Juvenile Hormone III (JHIII)
-
What external stimulus causes precocious development in bees
Social environment (worker-worker interactions)
-
Hormone released in male Zebra finches who are exposed to females
Estradiol
-
Behaviours associated with testosterone
- Territorial behaviour
- Aggression
- Song (songbirds)
-
-
-
What are neurotransmitters
"Short range" chemical messengers, produced and stores in synaptic vesicles
-
Ways a neurotransmitter can influence a neuron
- Excitatory
- Inhibitory
- Modulatory
-
Three key neurotransmitters
- Glutamate
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
-
Uses of mechanoreceptors
- Sense touch
- Sense sound
- Sense movement
-
-
Key components of the central nervous system
-
Three major areas in the brain
- Cerebrum
- Medulla
- Cerebellum
-
Which kind of memory does the hippocampus deal with?
Spatial
-
Three key requisites for controlling behaviours
- Prioritizing behaviours
- Organizing behaviours
- Terminating behaviours
-
Praying mantis brain analog(s)
Ganglions
-
How do praying mantises control behaviour
- Local ganglions control each body segment
- The protocerebral ganglion can inhibit local ganglions to coordinate everything
-
Which moth hearing sensor detects ultrasound?
A1
-
How do moths orient themselves away from bats?
Turn until the neural activity from the left and right A1 receptors is the same
-
How do sea slugs escape danger?
Alternating pulses of the dorsal and flexion neurons cause the sea slug to move it's muscles to "swim" away
-
Stimulus filtering
Ability of neurons to filter out irrelevant information
-
Cortical magnification
- Larger areas of the brain being associated with more sensitive regions in the body
- Results in interesting diagrams
-
What is the cochlea
Membrane, in vertebrates, that resonates in response to sound
-
Cells in the retinal layers
- Rods and Cones
- Bipolar neurons
- Ganglion cells
- Optic nerve fibre(s)
-
Which are more sensitive, rod or cone cells?
Rods, they are used for low-light vision
-
How do photopigments respond to light?
They isomerize (cis to trans)
-
Characteristics of compound eyes
- Good at seeing movement
- Can see polarity
- Poor resolution
-
The segments of a compound eye are called
Ommatidia
-
The surface of omatidia are called
Facets
-
Characteristics of cephalopod eyes
- No colour vision
- Moveable lens
- No blindspot
- Independent rotational eye movement
|
|