Integumentary system

consists of skin, hair, and nails; protects our body

Functions of the integumentary system

Skin

Two major layers of skin

Most superficial layer; avascular, stratified squamous epithelium

Layers of Epidermis from bottom to top

The deepest stratum; consists of squamous, columnar, cuboidal cells that undergo mitotic divisions about every 19 days

Superficial to the stratum basale; consists of 8-10 layers

Present only in palms, finger tips, palms and soles (thick skin)

Consists of 25-30 layers of flattened cells; cells are continuously shed and replaced by

During their movement, the cells change shape and chemical composition; epithelial cells die that create a layer that resists abrasion and forms barrier

excessive sloughing of stratum corneum from the surface of the scalp

increased number of layers of the stratum Corneum due to friction in the skin

Thickened stratum Corneum over bony prominence that forms a cone shape structure

A common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide and move more quickly

Composed of collagenous connective tissue

small nipple like structure (murag bukid) ; upper part of the dermis

The group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair and eye color; provides protection against UV light from the sun

yellow to red pigment

Brown to black pigments

Form of internal scarring, can result from the internal damage

caused by increased melanin production

Partial of complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin that produces irregular white spots

Uv light in sunlight stimulates melanocytes that increase melanin production

causes an increase in melanin production during pregnancy

a. k. a hypodermis; Loose CT, attaches skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies it with blood vessels and nerves

hair, nails, exocrine glands

cells divide--> old hair cells pushed upward--> hair grows longer (Takes 2 to 6 years)

hair follicles atrophies--> hair stops growing-->Resting stage--> new growth cycle (takes about 3 mos.)

Effects of chemotherapic agents interrupt the life cycle of rapidly dividing cancer cells

Major glands of the skin

a.k.a eccrine sweat glands simple branched acinar glands; produces sebum

a. k. a apocrince glands cells of these glands release sweat, or perspiration into hair follicles

a bluish color to the skin caused by decreased blood O2 content. impaired circulatory or respiratory system

a yellowish skin discoloration, when the liver is damaged by disease

injury to a tissue caused by heat or cold friction

parts of the stratum basale remains visible; subdivided into: First and second degree burn

Red and painful, involves only the epidermis, slight edema may be present, heals in a week

Damages both the epidermis and dermis; Redness, pain, edema and blisters

a. k. a 3rd degree burn, epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed

modified sweat glands in the external ear that produces a waxy lubrication

A type of treatment of burns

Most common type of cancer; the exposure of too much UV light from the sun

3 types of skin cancer

most frequent type; begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis; can be removed surgically or radiation

malignant growth that develops from scale-like epithelial tissue

is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes

a red itchy rash that may weep or ooze, then become crusted and scaly

Is a skin disturbance that typically occurs on areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands