-
what are the objectives of preventing transmissible disease?
- protect patients and dental personnel
- maintain healthy facilities
- keep organized systems
- prevent cross contamination
-
what contacts do standard precautions apply to?
- blood
- body fluids (except sweat)
- nonintact skin
- mucous membrane
-
what are 3 other precautions that must be taken in applying standard precautions?
- trasmission based (flu, tb, varicella_
- airborne transmission
- transmission through skin contact
-
in the utero, the oral cavity is__________.
sterile
-
how are microorganisms transferred from the mother to the babies oral cavity?
breast feeding
-
true or false. as an infant grows, there is continuing introduction of microorganisms normal for an adult oral cavity.
true
-
where does the salivary bacteria come from?
- dorsum of tongue
- mucous membranes
- gingival/periodontal tissues
-
name 3 areas of the oral cavity that high counts of microorganisms are found
- dental biofilm
- periodontal pockets
- carious lesions
-
true or false. the intact mucous membrane of the oral cavity protects against infections to a degree.
true
-
name the 6 essential links for spreading infections
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- port of exit
- mode of transportation
- port of entry
- susceptible host
-
infectious agent
- invading organism
- bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
- protozoa
- rickettsiae
-
reservoirs
- where the invading organism lives and multiplies
- people
- equipment
- instruments
- water (from tubing)
-
port of exit
- mode of escape from the reservoir
- secretions
- saliva, blood
- skin and mucous membrane
- droplets
-
transmission
- direct contact
- indirect contact
- fomite, vector
- airborne
-
port of entry
- mode of entry of the infectious agent into the new host
- mucous membrane
- GI tract
- respiratory tract
- broken skin
- eyes
-
susceptible host
- does not have immunity to invading infection
- immunosupressed
- medically comprimised
- elderly
-
Name 7 factors that influence the development of infection
- presence of infectious agent
- number of organisms
- duration of exposure
- virulance of organism
- immune status of the host
- general physical health of the host
- nutritional status of the host
-
name 4 factors that would alter the bodies normal defenses against infection
- abnormal physical conditions, such as a defective heart valve
- systematic diseases
- diabetes
- mellitus
- alcoholism
- leukemia
- glomerulonephritis
- AIDS
- drug therapy
- prostheses and transplants
-
How can dust borne organisms/airborne particles infect someone?
- the opening and closing of doors sends airborne particles flying
- large airborne particles
- can contaminate dental instruments
- controlled with surface disinfection
-
what size are true aerosol particles?
less than 50 micrometers, but most are less than 5
-
describe 3 characteristics of aerosols
- can be solid or liquid
- can be invisible or visible
- can be suspended in the air for long periods of time
-
define spatter
- greater than 50 micrometers in size
- heavier particles for short durations of time
- occurs on objects, floors, and people
- it is visible, especially after it lands
-
How are aerosols and spatter created?
- during breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing
- during intraoral procedures
- from handpieces, ultrasonic
-
true or false, aerosols travel with air currents?
true
-
what does prevention of transmission depend on?
- elimination or limitation of organisms
- interruption of transmission (disinfection-break the chain)
- protecion of susceptible host (PPE)
-
what are 2 pre procedural methods for prevention of transmission?
- biofilm removal-polish first
- antiseptic mouth rinse
-
name 5 ways to interrupt transmition
- use rubber dam
- use HVE
- manual instrumentation (no ultrasonic)
- adequate ventilation
- housekeeping
-
state the protocal for keeping the water clean
- follow EPA standards for drinking water
- run water through water lines
- 2 min at the start and end of day
- 30 seconds between pt.s
-
what is used during intraoral procedures to prevent transmission to the hygienist? And the pt?
- PPE, masks, sheilds, eyewear
- protective eyewear
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