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Behavioural Psychology - Processes that shape behaviour

Home Get App Take Quiz Create Domesitcation syndrom characteristics (canids) By-product of domestication Mottled colouration Floppy ears "Friendlier" behaviour Trait definition Some variation of morphology or behaviour Suit definition (adaptation) Functions to promote survival or reproduction in a particular envinroment Adaptation (as a process) The process by which an organism evolves to be better suited to it's environment When did Darwin travel on the beagle? 1831 - 1836 What animal did Darwin study? Galapagos finches Short definition of natural selection The process traits with the highest reproductive success increase in frequency over time Two concepts that are central to evolutionary causes of behaviour Natural selection Adaptation Adaptation (as a noun) Inherited trait that arose from natural selection to help with survival and reproduction Fitness (scientific usage) Quality of being adapted to the environment, so as to be capable of surviving Measure of an individual's direct reproductive success Precepts of natural selection Variation Competition Inheritance Blending inheritance When parents produce and intermediate child e.g Red and white flowers making pink flowers Decreases variation in a population Particulare inheritance Genes come in pairs and are discrete Sources of variation Genetic mutation Migration Genetic recombination Directional selection occurs when a single phenotype is favoured Directional selection Shift toward a new phenotype Allele frequency continuously shifts in one direction Disruptive selection occurs when there is selection for two or more phenotypes Disruptive selection favours which type of phenotype (average or extreme)? Extreme Which type of selection increases variation? Distruptive selection Which type of selection decreases  variation? Stabilizing selection Three types of selection Directional Disruptive Stabillizing Four key evolutionary processes Natural selection Mutation/recombination Genetic drift (bottleneck) Migration Main sources of variation Mutation Recombination Positive frequency dependent selection Fitness of a phenotype increases as it becomes more common Negative frequency dependent selection Fitness of a phenotype decreases as it becomes more common Which type of evolution (micro or macro) leads to speciation? Macro evolution Microevolution Changes whithin a species Macroevolution Changes above the species level Adaptive radiation Process by which an ancestral species diversifies into an array of descendent species Allopatric speciation Geographic isolation of populations of a species can lead to new adaptations Eventually allese frequencies diverge, creating new species Taxonomic hierarchies (classifications Domain Kindgom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Phylogeny is The history of descent of a taxon Assumptions made in phylogeny All organisms have a common ancestor The more traits two species share, the more closely related they are Phylogenetic trees are based on Morphological traits Physiological traits Behavioural traits Molecular traits What is a clade A group of species sharing a single common ancestor Also known as monophyletic group Anagenesis A single ancestor resulting in a single descendent species Cladogenesis A single ancestor resulting in two or more descendent species Types of phylogeny Morphology-based Physiology-based Gene-based Behaviour-based Diet-based Culture-based Homologous features Similar structures serving different functions in different species Implies a common ancestor Analogous features Similar functions, but different structures Homoplasy Multiple species having similar structures, who don't share a common ancestor (with that structure) Independent evolution Convergent evolution The process of distantly related organisms evolving similar structures Results in homoplasy Convergent evolution produces ____ traits Analagous Homologous genes Genes shared between species that are the result of a common ancestor Assumption of the molecular clock Mutations in homologous genes happen at a constant rate Law of faunal succession Assemblages of fossils follow or succeed eachother in time in a predictable manner Principle of superposition Older strata (fossil layers) are found below younger strata what is Biogeography Distribution of lifeforms over geographical areas in past and present times

Author Ant ID 359546 Card Set Behavioural Psychology - Processes that shape behaviour Description Updated 2022-10-12T05:58:54Z Show Answers