Bio Unit Test 1

• 1) Ability to reproduce
• 2) Maintain Homeostasis
• 3) Grow and development
• 4) Hereditary
• 5) Cell Organization
• 6) Respond to Environment 
• 7) Nutrients/Energy for metabolism

• Biotic is something that is living. 
• Examples are deer, humans, mice, birds, and other animals/plants.

• Abiotic factors are things that are not living. 
• Examples are rocks, dirt, sticks, and other non-existing items.

Biotic and abiotic factors are important to an ecosystem because they help run the ecosystem and create a stable food chain.

Asexually and sexually.

• Pros: it is much simpler, and you only need a single organism.
• Cons: reproducing asexually makes exact copies of organisms, if one gets a sickness and dies, all of them can.

• Cons: you need another organism to reproduce.
• Pros: if one organism dies from sickness, others have a chance of living since they aren't copies of one another.

A single-celled organism is an organism with one cell, example is bacteria.

Being single-celled is much simpler, and reproduction is asexual.

For an organism to have more than one cell, to have multiple.

Organisms that are multicellular can have different functions, but all work together in the end to thrive. Reproduction can be sexual and asexual.

To have a stable state of condition that is needed for life.

• One, when the body is too hot, it sweats.
• Two, when the body is too cold, it shivers.
• Three, the body has glucose homeostasis, maintain a stable state of glucose (sugar).

• Plants, respond to light, and move towards light because of photosynthesis. 
• Animals, respond to seasonal changes, where in the winters animals like bears will hibernate. 
• Fungi, can change structure and also where they grow.

The nucleus controls the cell, stores DNA, and makes copies of DNA into RNA (transcription).

When the nucleus takes DNA and copies it into RNA. This relates to the production of proteins because the RNA blueprint is used to make proteins.

The ribosome uses the RNA blueprint to take the amino acids that are form broken down food, to organize the acids into more proteins.

Both use the sun to create energy.

Chloroplast helps plants and algae in photosynthesis, which is their way of getting energy/food. This relates to the food chain because the Sun is the ultimate source of energy, and without photosynthesis to feed plants/algae, there would be no food chain.

Cellular respiration is when sugar (glucose) is broken down into energy, which is stored in the form of ATP.

The cell membrane regulates what comes in and out of the cell.

Sun.

More and more heat is lost in the food chain, till eventually most of it goes into the environment.

Nutrients comes from the decomposers where they provide nutrients in the dirt or water.

Decomposers eat dead animals or other things, and their waste goes into the water or soil with lots of yummy nutrients.

To give glucose (sugar) to the body.

Potatoes, starches, fruit, veggies, wheat, grains, dairy, legumes, corn, rice.

The mitochondria uses carbohydrates for cellular respiration.

Keep the cell alive.

Meat, dairy, cheese, fruits, veggies, nuts, eggs, lentils, and soy.

Once they are broken down into amino acids, they go into the ribosome. The ribosome uses the amino acids to make more proteins for the body using RNA blueprints.

Maintain hormones, transport fat-soluble nutrients, and store energy.

Butter, avocados, fish, cheese, meats, and nuts.

The phosphate and 5 carbon sugar stay the same. The nitrogenous bases are different.

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine.

They create the genetic code by being organized in different variations of nucleotides.

Everyone has different chromosomes (usually) that gives instructs to the DNA to make certain proteins, and there are infinite amount of variations of combinations.

The template strand is the opposite of the coding strand. Pairing roles.

One strand is the coding strand which contains the actually DNA. The other strand is the template strand, which doesn't contain DNA but copies it for other uses. It is copied by unraveling the DNA strand then copying.

asexual only needs itself and sexual needs another person. The asexual organism copies it self, while the sexual takes half of its chromosomes with its partner to go to off-spring.

Fertilization is when sperm and egg meet, and successfully combine. Mitosis is when the parents cell gets copied into a two daughter cells. Meiosis is when the parent cell get divided and copied to the daughter cells, then divided again but the two cells then contain half o the daughter cell.

There are 46 chromosomes found in a zygote. Both, sperm and eggs have 23 chromosomes each, together you get 46 (a zygote). These numbers are important, because if you do not have 46 chromosomes, children can have things like down syndrome.

Copying DNA is needed when things grow repair, and reproduce. Also, DNA needs to be copied to make RNA.