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What type of organism is neospora caninum?
A protozoan
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What type of host are dogs in relation to neospora caninum?
Definitive hosts
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What signs are most often seen in puppies with neosporosis?
Paraparesis and a bunny hopping gate, weak or absent spinal reflexes, extensor rigidity in the pelvic limbs, and muscle atrophy.
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What are the more severe, signs that can be seen with neosporosis?
Dysphagia, megaesophagus, difficulty breathing, and death.
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What deformities can be caused by neosporisis?
Angular deformities and joint curvature.
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How can neosporosis impact the cardiopulmonary system?
multifocal pulmonary consolidation due to necrotic and purulent bronchopneumonia and myocarditis
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How can neospora impact the gastrointestinal system?
Fibrinohemorrhagic enteritis due to villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in the jejunum and illeum.
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What is the probable reason for dogs over the age of 6 months developing neosporosis?
Reactivation of a latent chronic infection
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How do adult dogs with neosporosis typically present?
Polymyositis and/or meningoencephalomyelitis with clinical signs related to the multifocal lesions in the CNS, primarily in the cerebellum.
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What is polymyositis?
Inflammation of the skeletal muscles accompanied by muscle weakness
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What are some signs that adult dogs with neosporosis may present with?
Ataxia, circling, head tilt, nystagmus, hypermetria, head tremors, delayed placing reactions, abnormal cranial nerve function, anisocoria, depressed segmental reflexes, tetraparesis, cervical hyperesthesia, and seizures.
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Why would a gestating dog potentially be at risk for reactivation of a latent infection of neospora caninum?
Because of immunosuppression
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Do dogs presenting with clinical signs of neosporosis she oocysts in the feces?
No
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What is considered the gold standard in testing for neosporosis in dogs?
Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing.
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What is the most common way that puppies acquire this infection?
Transplacental
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What is is most common antibiotic used for treatment of neosporosis?
Clindamycin
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What other group of drugs can be used in the treatment of neosporosis?
Sulfonamides
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