CH 8 Psychotherapies

Weissman and Klerman

• Weissman & Klerman
• -biopsychosocial-cultural-spiritual model
• -symptom resolution & increase comm, function, and social support
• -examine interpersonal relationships
• ex: help with asking baby

• Beck
• -result of dysfunctional thinking that impacts behavior & emotion
• -recognition of thinking and dev new skills to change thinking
• EX: downward arrow (logical seq of reasoning), labeling distortions

• black and white
• if I am not perfect then I am a failure

one mistake leads to everything being a mistake and will not result in anything good

dwell on one negative thinking

exaggerating something negative

disqualifying the positive achievement

• adds value of statement and GUILT as a motivator if actions are not done
• -leads to anger, frustration, and resentment

attaches negative and emotionally-charged desc to people or events

neg conclusion drawn before getting any facts

blaming oneself for negative outcome of an event even though not primarily responsible

• Adler
• -internalization conflicts related to wishes and fears from earlier relationships
• -understand how relationships in past that were not resolved
• "working backwards" and asses previous conflicts

• refusing to recognize occurring
• ex: alcoholic denies an issue despite divorce

• one's own feelings and attributing them to another
• strong dislike towards someone and believing they don't like you

• reverting to patterns from earlier state due to stressful events
• bed wetting after parent divorce

indirect anger

• opposite feeling or impulse to reduce anxiety
• treating someone in a friendly manner that you strongly dislike to hide true feelings

• intellectual component rather than stressful or emotional aspect
• person with terminal illness spends hours learning about disease rather than dealing with it

• keeps info (negative) out of awareness
• child cannot remember abuse from parent

• taking our frustrations on people or objects
• angry at boss and picks fight with spouse

• explaining unacc behavior in a logical manner
• student does poorly due to poor test questions

• aspects of self are only in extremes
• wife sees husband as only all good or all bad

• converts unacceptable impulses into acc behaviors
• person with anger goes to gym

• conscious removal of unwanted info
• deal with negative test results until after daughter's wedding

• Linehan
• behavioral problem solving
• balance and use distress tolerance, emotional regulation, validation, mindfulness
• *homework*

• de Shazer and Berg
• high-structured and short term to finding solutions to problems
• focused on strengths
• ex: miracle questions if you woke up and problem was solved how would you know it was solved
• exception: tell me when you felt the happiest

• Precontemplation: not interested or aware of issue
• contemplation: considering change (ambivalence)
• preparation: some change behaviors but not all tools
• action: go forth to change
• maintenance/relapse: continue to change and relapse can occur

• Miller
• partnership and work on self-efficacy (patient has what they need not NP)
• support change in person

• Yalom
• 11 of them

members adapt with boundaries and can have some anxiety

members find place within group with ideas and growth

trust develops and work towards common goals

increased sharing and group ownership of experiences

termination and appreciation for group members

client to NP

• NP to client
• awareness of feelings
• seek supervision and therapy

• Instillation of hope
• Universality
• Altruism
• Increased development of socialization skills
• Imitative behaviors
• Interpersonal learning
• Group cohesiveness
• Catharsis
• Existential factors
• Corrective refocusing