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Who is credited with first using the terms POSITIVE and NEGATIVE to describe the two opposite kinds of electricity?
Benjamin Franklin
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Over how many known elements are there?
100
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Elements are classified numerically according to the complexity of their what?
Atoms
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What is the maximum number of valence electrons that conductors have?
3
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Germanium along with what else are the two common semiconductors used in solid-state devices?
Silicon
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What is the space called between and around charged bodies in which their influence is felt?
Electric field of force
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What do electrical motors use to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion?
Magnets
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Which theory assumes that all magnetic substances are composed of tiny molecular magnets?
Weber’s theory
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What must be defined as the product of force and displacement in the field of physical science?
Work
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What are the two types of primary cells?
Wet and Dry
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What is the opposition to current flow known as?
Resistance
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What is the unit of conductance?
MHO (G)
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What is generally defined as that property of a material which enables it to attract pieces of iron?
Magnetism
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What is the space surrounding a magnet where magnetic forces act known as?
Magnetic field
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What is defined as the ability to do work?
Energy
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How many fundamental conditions are there which must exist before a voltage can be produced by magnetism?
3
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Which symbol is used to represent the ohm?
Greek letter omega
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Which components are manufactured to possess specific values of resistance?
Resistors
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What is the heat dissipating capability of a resistor measured in?
Watts
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Which type of materials are relatively easy to magnetize?
Ferromagnetic
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What is the total number of magnetic lines of force leaving or entering the pole of a magnet called?
Magnetic flux
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Which type of energy is contained by an object due to its motion?
Kinetic
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What is defined as the directed flow of electrons?
Electron current
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Which element is the most widely used conductor throughout electrical applications?
Copper
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What is the molded composition type of resistor usually referred to as?
Carbon resistor
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Alloys are capable of obtaining a magnetic strength great enough to lift how many times their own weight?
500
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What is the number of flux lines per unit area known as?
Flux density
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Which type of energy is contained by an object due to its position?
Potential
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What are made up of atoms that contain loosely bound electrons in their outer orbits?
Conductors
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What is used as a conductor when weight is a major factor because it is considerably lighter than copper?
Aluminum
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What is the most frequently used material to manufacture wirewound resistors?
German silver
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What are the magnets that are produced from magnetic materials called?
Artificial magnets
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Which substance quality determines the ease with which it can be magnetized?
Permeability
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What is the practical unit adopted for measuring charges?
Coulomb
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What is the directed migration of mobile electrons due to the potential difference called?
Directed drift
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What is the resistance of a conductor inversely proportional?
Cross-sectional area
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What are the two kinds of resistors?
Fixed and Variable
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Which type of magnets are made from substances, such as hardened steel and certain alloys which retain a great deal of their magnetism?
Permanent
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Bar, horseshoe, along with what else are the three general classifications of magnets?
Ring
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How many electrons are equal to one coulomb?
6,280,000,000,000,000,000
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What is the magnitude of current measured in?
Amperes
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What is the amount of change of resistance per unit change in temperature known as?
Temperature coefficient
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For a resistor whose the fifth band is color coded brown, the resistor’s chance of failure will not exceed 1 percent for every how many hours of operation?
1,000
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What is the opposition that a material offers to the magnetic lines of force called?
Reluctance
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What is the most frequently used magnetic shape in electrical and electronic equipment?
Horseshoe
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Which device is capable of supplying and maintaining voltage while some type of electrical apparatus is connected to its terminals?
Voltage Source
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Which device is used to measure current?
Ammeter
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Electricity is a study that is frequently explained in terms of what?
Opposites
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What are the most common components used in electronics?
Resistors
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What is the amount of magnetism which remains in a temporary magnet referred to as?
Residual magnetism
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What should a horseshoe magnet always be stored with?
Keeper
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Various compounds of silver oxide along with which other type of materal are the most commonly used photosensitive materials used to produce a photoelectric voltage?
Copper oxide
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What is the diameter of conductors usually expressed in?
Mils
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Wirewound resistors with wattage ratings up to how many watts are not uncommon?
50
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What are the two types of variable resistors?
Potentiometer and Rheostat
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What is a materials ability to retain residual magnetism called?
Retentivity
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How many presently known methods are there for producing a voltage or electromotive force (emf)?
6
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What is the resistance of a conductor directly proportional to?
Length
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How many connections does the potentiometer always have?
3
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About how many degrees from its geographical axis is the magnetic axis of the earth located?
15°
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Which type of device operates on the photoelectric principle?
Photoelectric cell
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What is the ability of a material to pass electrons referred to as?
Conductance
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How are potentiometers always connected as?
Voltage dividers
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What is defined as anything that occupies space and has weight?
Matter
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Solid, Liquid, along with what else are the three different types of matter?
Gaseous
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Which substance cannot be reduced to a simpler substance by chemical means?
Element
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What is the resulting substance called when two or more elements are chemically combined?
Compound
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What is a combination of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined that can be separated by physical means called?
Mixture
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What is a chemical combination of two or more atoms called?
Molecule
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What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element called?
Atom
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The atoms of each element are made up of electrons, protons, and, in most cases, neutrons, which are collectively called what?
Subatomic particles
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How many times more mass do protons have than electrons?
1837
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Since an electron in an atom has both mass and motion, it contains two types of energy. By virtue of its motion the electron contains kinetic energy. Due to its position it also contains what other type of energy?
Potential
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What state is the atom said to be in once it has been elevated to an energy level that is higher than the lowest possible energy level?
Excited
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Which type of elements have an extremely high resistance to the flow of electricity?
Insulators
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What is the existence of an electric force where current cannot flow referred to as?
Static electricity
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What are the groups of orbits called that electrons reside in?
Shells
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Which property of the atom is determined by the number of electrons in the outermost shell?
Valence
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What state is the atom said to be in when it loses electrons or gains electrons?
Ionized
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What is the minimum number of valence electrons that insulators have?
5
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How many valence electrons do semiconductors usually have?
4
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Which law states that “charged bodies attract or repel each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their individual charges, and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them”?
Coulomb’s Law
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What is the process by which an atom loses or gains electrons called?
Ionization
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Conductors, Semiconductors, along with what else are the three categories that all elements that make up matter can be placed into?
Insulators
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In a natural, or neutral state, each atom in a body of matter will have the proper number of electrons in orbit around it. Consequently, the whole body of matter composed of the neutral atoms will also be electrically neutral. What is the atom said to have while in this state?
Zero charge
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Which theory states that all matter is composed of atoms and the atoms are composed of smaller particles called protons, electrons, and neutrons?
Electron theory
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What is the best conductor of electricity?
Silver
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What is one of the easiest ways to create a static charge?
Friction
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