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What are two of the most widely known semiconductors that are in use today?
Junction diode and the Transistor
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Which material used in communications was found to be the most stable?
Silicon
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What is a solid whose atoms or molecules are arranged in a three-dimensional geometrical pattern commonly referred to as a lattice called?
Crystal
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What indicates the maximum reverse-bias voltage that may be applied to a diode without causing junction breakdown?
PRV
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Which substance cannot be reduced to a simpler form by chemical means?
Element
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What could be designed to work within the ultra-high frequencies used in radar, whereas the electron tube could not?
Point-contact semiconductor diode
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Whose initial work led to the development of zener diode which is frequently used today to regulate power supply voltages at precise levels?
Dr. Carl Zener
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What is anything that occupies space and has weight known as?
Matter
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Which band are electrons never found in, but may travel back and forth through it, provided they do not come to rest in the band?
Forbidden
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What is the overall charge of N material?
0
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What is an external voltage applied to a PN junction called?
Bias
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What is any device that draws current defined as?
Load
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What is the maximum reverse DC voltage that will not cause breakdown called?
DC Blocking voltage
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What is the process by which small amounts of selected additives, called impurities, are added to semiconductors to increase their current flow?
Doping
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Which type of device operates by virtue of the movement of electrons within a solid piece of semiconductor material?
Solid-state
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What is a minute piece of semiconductor material that can produce complete electronic circuit functions?
Integrated circuit
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Which year did Michael Faraday discover that silver sulfide, a semiconductor, has a negative temperature coefficient?
1883
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Which year did Munk A. Rosenshold find that certain materials have rectifying properties?
1885
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Who invented the photophone?
Alexander Graham Bell
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Which type of material was found to be the most sensitive for use in early radio receivers?
Galena
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The maximum allowable voltage for a transistor is limited to about 200 volts (but usually how many volts or less)?
50
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The maximum power output for transistor generally ranges from 30 milliwatts to slightly over how many watts?
100
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What is the smallest part of a compound called which has all the characteristics of the compound?
Molecule
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What is a list of all the known elements with the number of electrons in each atom contained?
Periodic table of elements
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The chemical activity of an atom is determined by the number of what in its valence shell?
Electrons
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Which two parts is the universe, as we know it today, divided into?
Matter and energy
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What carries a positive charge of electricity equal and opposite to the charge of the electron?
Proton
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What is an atom’s ability to combine with other atoms called?
Valence
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Copper-oxide rectifiers are generally used in small-current applications such as AC meter movements or for delivering direct current to circuits requiring not more than how many amperes?
10
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What is the amount of energy required by an electron to stay in orbit?
Electron energy level
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What are the three states that matter may be found in?
Solids, liquids, and gases
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What is the outer shell of an atom called?
Valence shell
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What temperature is the maximum average forward current usually given at?
77°F
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What is a chemical combination of two or more elements called?
Compound
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What has a mass approximately equal to that of a proton but has no electrical charge?
Neutron
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The conduction band along with which other band are the two energy bands that an electron can exist in?
Valence
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Approximately how many times is the mass of the proton to that of an electron?
1,827
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In simple terms, energy is required in definite units to move electrons from one shell to the next higher shell. What are these units called?
Quanta
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In which process does an atom lose or gain electrons?
Ionization
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Arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and phosphorous are all what type of impurities?
Pentavalent
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Aluminum, indium, gallium, and boron are all what type of impurities?
Trivalent
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Which type of device is obtained when a section of N-type semiconductor material is joined with a similar section of P-type semiconductor material?
PN Junction
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What is the electrostatic field called that is created by the positive and negative ions in the depletion region?
Barrier
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What offers very little resistance to current flow in the forward-bias direction but maximum resistance to current flow when reverse biased?
PN junction diode
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What is the maximum current called that is permitted to flow in the forward direction in the form of nonrecurring pulses?
Maximum surge current
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What is one of the most important uses of a diode?
Rectification
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What is the simplest type of rectifier circuit?
Half-wave rectifier
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There are many known metal-semiconductor combinations that can be used for contact rectification. Which devices are by far the most popular?
Copper oxide and selenium
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What is the most convenient and quickest way of testing a diode?
Ohmmeter
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What is the smallest particle into which an element can be broken down and still retain all its original properties?
Atom
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