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How many basic types of filter circuits are there?
4
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What percent of a half-wave rectifier is the ripple frequency of a full-wave rectifier?
200%
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What is one of the most commonly used filters primarily used in radio receivers, small audio amplifier power supplies, and in any type of power supply where the output current is low and the load current is relatively constant?
LC capacitor-input filter
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Which type of diode blocks current until a specified voltage is applied?
Zener diode
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What is a short-circuit protection device that automatically limits the current to a safe value?
Current Limiter
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Which type of device has two or more diodes arranged so that load current flows in the same direction during each half cycle of the ac supply?
Full-wave rectifier
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What is current called that flows in pulses in the same direction?
Pulsating DC
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Most power supplies are made up of the following four basic sections: transformer, rectifier, filter, and what else?
Regulator
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What steps up or steps down the input line voltage and isolates the power supply from the power line?
Transformer
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What converts the alternating current input signal to a pulsating direct current?
Rectifier
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What maintains the output of the power supply at a constant level in spite of large changes in load current or input line voltages?
Regulator
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What provides two equal voltages to the conventional full-wave rectifier?
Center-tapped transformer
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What is the conversion of an alternating current to a pulsating direct current?
Rectification
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Which terms are AC voltages normally specified in?
RMS values
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What is defined as the time it takes a capacitor to charge to 63.2 percent of the applied voltage or to discharge to 36.8 percent of its total charge?
One time constant
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Which circuitry provides a constant current output?
Current regulator
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What is the most basic type of power supply filter?
Capacitor filter
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What are used primarily to develop high voltages where low current is required?
Voltage multipliers
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Which type of filter is primarily used in power supplies where voltage regulation is important and where the output current is relatively high and subject to varying load conditions?
LC choke-input
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The DC output of the voltage multiplier ranges from 1000 to how many volts?
30,000
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Electrolytic capacitors are available in sizes up to how many microfarads or greater?
10,000
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What are the two widely used checks in testing electronic equipment?
Signal tracing and Visual
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115 volts AC can vary from about 105 volts AC to how many volts AC?
125
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What gives an indication of how much the output voltage changes over a range of load resistance values?
Figure of merit
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Basic voltage regulators are classified as one of what two ways?
Series or Shunt
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In order for a silicon NPN transistor to conduct, the base must be between how many volts more positive than the emitter?
0.6 to 0.7 volts
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What is a basic tool used to solve electrical problems?
Algebra
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What is the basic unit of power?
Watt
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Wirewound resistors are made in values between 5 and how many watts?
200
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How many watts are required to equal one horsepower?
746
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Which type of circuit contains only one path for current flow?
Series
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Which law states that "The algebraic sum of the voltage drops in any closed path in a circuit and the electromotive forces in that path is equal to zero."?
Kirchhoff’s voltage law
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What is an arbitrarily chosen point to which all other points in the circuit are compared?
Reference point
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Which type of circuit has more than one current path connected to a common voltage source?
Parallel
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The equivalent resistance of a parallel circuit is always less than the resistance of any what?
Branch
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What are installed in equipment circuits to prevent damage caused by increases in current?
Fuses
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What are emf sources that would tend to force current in opposite directions said to be?
Series opposing
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Which term represents a quantity so large it cannot be measured?
Infinity
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Which type of current does not flow through any of the load devices?
Bleeder
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Which term is used to denote a common electrical point of zero potential?
Ground
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When resistors with wattage ratings greater than how many watts are needed, wirewound resistors are used?
5
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Who proved by an experiment that a precise relationship exists between current, voltage, and resistance?
George Simon Ohm
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Which type of current regularly changes direction?
Alternating
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What is frequency always measured and expressed in?
Hertz
-
What is the time required to complete one cycle of a waveform called?
Period
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What is the distance from zero to the maximum value of each alternation called?
Amplitude
-
What is the amount by which one sine wave leads or lags another sine wave measured in?
Degrees
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What is the maximum value reached during one alternation of a sine wave called?
Peak Value
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The average value of a sine wave of voltage or current is the average of all the instantaneous values during one alternation. The average value is equal to what amount of the peak value?
0.636
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How many times the peak value is the effective value of a sine wave?
0.707
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What is the amplitude of direct current in a wire when a coulomb of electrons moves past a point in a wire in one second and all of the electrons are moving in the same direction?
One ampere
-
Which type of current is practically used by all modern commercial electric power companies?
Alternating
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Which type of device can step up or down alternating voltages amplitudes?
Transformer
-
Which type of patterns are plotted on graph paper that result from changes in amplitude with respect to time?
Waveform
-
What is the most commonly used means for producing or using electricity?
Magnetism
-
What year did Hans Christian Oersted discover a definite relationship between magnetism and electricity?
1819
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Which conductor rule can the relation between the direction of the magnetic lines of force around a conductor and the direction of electron current flow in the conductor be determined?
Left-Hand rule
-
Which unit indicates one cycle per second?
Hertz
-
What is the number of complete cycles of alternating current or voltage completed each second referred to as?
Frequency
-
What is the distance along the waveform from one point to the same point on the next cycle called?
Wavelength
-
What is formed by wire wound around a core?
Coil
-
How many maximum or AC peak values during each complete cycle of AC are there?
2
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What is the effect called when a conductor is in a magnetic field and either the field or the conductor moves, an emf (voltage) is induced in the conductor?
Electromagnetic induction
-
What are alternating voltage and current usually expressed in?
Effective values
-
Which alternating voltage or current value is the value of voltage or current at one particular instant?
Instantaneous
-
What is the value of alternating voltage or current that will have the same effect on a resistance as a comparable value of direct voltage or current will have on the same resistance?
Effective
-
Which method is the rate at which heat is produced in a resistance form a convenient basis for establishing an effective value of alternating current known as?
Heating effect
-
Which law states that current is directly proportional to the applied voltage?
Ohms law
-
What are two sine waves that are precisely in step with one another said to be?
In phase
-
Which type of elements are resistors, lamps, and heating elements examples of?
Resistive
-
Which type of temporary storage device is used to store data, memory addresses, and operation codes?
Register
-
Which type of register can the contents be shifted one or more places to the left or right?
Shift register
-
Which term means that the data is moved along a single line one bit at a time?
Serial transfer
-
What is the feature known as when the output of one logic circuit can be used as the input to another logic circuit?
Compatibility
-
What is an example of the law of absorption?
A·(A+B) = A or A+(AB) = A
-
Which type of logic gate is a logic circuit that requires all inputs to be TRUE at the same time in order for the output to be TRUE?
And
-
Which type of logic device has an output opposite of the input?
Inverter
-
Which gate is simply an AND gate with an inverter (NOT gate) at the output?
NAND
-
What is an example of idempotent law?
AA = A, A+A = A
-
What is an example of the law of intersection?
0 (A·1 = A, A·0 = 0)
-
What is defined as the science of reasoning?
Logic
-
What is a term that is TRUE in one part of an expression will be TRUE in all parts of the expression?
Law of identity
-
Which type of voltage is used to represent the logic 1 state of a statement?
Logic polarity
-
Which law is defined as the order in which terms are written does not affect their value (AB =BA, A+B = B+A)?
Commutative law
-
What will be used to illustrate all possible input and corresponding output combinations?
Truth table
-
What are the "decision-making" circuits of computers and other types of digital equipment?
Logic gates
-
What is an example of Associative law?
A(BC) = ABC or A+(B+C) = A+B+C
-
Who developed Boolean Algebra?
George Boole
-
What is an example of the law of union?
(A+1 = 1, A+0 = A)
-
What is a description of the input conditions necessary to get the desired output?
Boolean expression
-
What is an example of distributive law?
A+(BC) = (A+B) · (A+C)
-
Which gate is a modified OR gate that produces a HIGH output when only one of the inputs is HIGH?
Exclusive OR
-
Which type of bistable device changes state on command from a common input terminal?
Toggle
-
What is the most widely used FF because of its versatility?
J-K FF
-
What is a timing signal generated by the equipment to control operations?
Clock
-
The frequency stability of the astable multivibrator can be increased by applying what to the circuit?
Trigger pulse
-
What allow functions involving more than one operation to be completed during a single clock cycle?
Multiphase clocks
-
What do most modern high-speed equipment use as the basis for their timing networks?
Crystal-controlled oscillators
-
What is defined as a loop of bistable devices (flip-flops) interconnected in such a manner that only one of the devices may be in a specified state at one time?
Ring counter
-
Which term means to change the magnitude of a number?
Scaling
-
What are groups of logic circuits that are based on particular types of elements (resistors, transistors, and so forth)?
Logic families
-
What are combinations of logic gates that combine binary values to obtain a sum?
Adders
-
Which circuit can add two binary digits but will not produce a carry?
Quarter adder
-
What may be used to store data temporarily, to multiply or divide, to count operations, or to receive and transfer information?
Flip-flops
-
What is designed to combine two binary digits and produce a carry?
Half adder
-
Subtraction is accomplished in computers by the R’s complement and what other method?
ADD
-
What is the total number of counts or stable states a counter can indicate called?
Modulus
-
Which term is used to describe the count capability of counters?
Modulo
-
Which term means that the events (setting and resetting of FFs) occur one after the other rather than all at once?
Asynchronous
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High-frequency operations require that all the FFs of a counter be triggered at the same time to prevent errors. Which type of counter is used for this type of operation?
Synchronous
-
Which term means that each bit of data is moved on its own line and that all bits transfer simultaneously?
Parallel transfer
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